Reproduction (Topic 13)

    Cards (43)

    • What are the two main ways organisms can reproduce?
      Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
    • Which organisms can reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction?
      Some plants
    • What type of reproduction do most animals rely on?
      Sexual reproduction
    • How do bacteria reproduce?
      Asexually
    • What is the key point of sexual reproduction?
      It involves the fusion of male and female gametes
    • What is fertilization in the context of sexual reproduction?
      The fusion of male and female gametes
    • Why are offspring from sexual reproduction genetically different?
      They contain a mixture of their parents' genes
    • How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have?
      46 chromosomes
    • How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
      23 chromosomes
    • What happens when two gametes fuse together?
      The resulting cell has 46 chromosomes
    • What process produces gametes?
      Meiosis
    • Does sexual reproduction require sexual intercourse?
      No, it refers to gamete fusion
    • How do plants reproduce sexually?
      Through the combination of pollen and egg cells
    • What is a key characteristic of asexual reproduction?
      It involves only one parent
    • What is the result of asexual reproduction?
      Identical clones of the parent
    • How do eukaryotic organisms reproduce asexually?
      Through mitosis
    • How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
      By binary fission
    • What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
      • Sexual reproduction:
      • Involves two parents
      • Fusion of male and female gametes
      • Offspring are genetically varied
      • Asexual reproduction:
      • Involves one parent
      • No fusion of gametes
      • Offspring are identical clones
    • What processes are involved in gamete formation for different organisms?
      • Eukaryotic organisms (plants, fungi, some animals):
      • Gametes formed through meiosis
      • Prokaryotic organisms (bacteria):
      • Gametes formed through binary fission
    • What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
      Meiosis
    • What are gametes also known as?
      Sex cells
    • How much genetic material do gametes contain?
      Half the genetic material
    • What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
      Haploid cells
    • What happens when two gametes combine?
      They form a normal diploid cell
    • What type of cells do gametes form when they combine?
      Diploid cells
    • What is the first step in meiosis?
      Replicate all of the cell's DNA
    • What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
      X shape
    • How many types of chromosomes do humans have?
      23 different types
    • How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
      46 individual chromosomes
    • What are maternal chromosomes?
      Chromosomes from the mother
    • What are paternal chromosomes?
      Chromosomes from the father
    • What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
      They line up randomly along the center
    • Why is the random arrangement of chromosomes important in meiosis?
      It creates genetic diversity in gametes
    • What occurs during the first division of meiosis?
      Chromosome pairs are pulled apart
    • What happens during the second division of meiosis?
      Chromosome arms are pulled to opposite sides
    • How many cells result from meiosis?
      Four cells
    • What are the gametes produced in male animals?
      Sperm cells
    • What are the gametes produced in female animals?
      Egg cells
    • What happens during fertilization?
      A sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid cell
    • What does the diploid cell formed during fertilization do?
      Divides by mitosis to form an embryo