2022

    Cards (4)

    • Why might a tree die if the roots are damaged?
      • less absorption of water, less photosynthesis, less glucose, less respiration, less energy, less cellulose made so less cell walls, less amino acids to make proteins, cell loses turgidity
      • less absorption of minerals and ions, fewer nitrates, fewer proteins made, can‘t grow, less magnesium, less chlorophyll, less photosynthesis
      • Damage to phloem cells, less translocation of sugars for respiration
      • Damage to xylem cells, less water transported, less ions transported
    • What environmental conditions would cause the rate of transpiration to be greatest in a plant?
      Warm with low humidity
    • The changes in the mean width of the stomata in normal conditions are an advantage to the plant. Explain how
      • Stomata is nearly closed at night because less light for photosynthesis
      • Closing the stomata reduces water loss
      • Stomata opens widest at midday because there’s maximum light intensity for photosynthesis
      • It’s wide open so takes more carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
    • How are monoclonal antibodies produced?
      • Weakened/inactive pathogen/Antigen injected into mouse
      • Extract mouse lymphocytes that makes antibodies specific to that antigen
      • Lymphocytes combined with tumour cells to make a hybridoma
      • Hybridoma cloned to make many cells that produce these antibodies