ch 12

• which of the following plants was the main organism for Mendel's genetic experiments?

  -pea
• place the three stages of mendels experiments in the correct order from list (on top) to last?

  - mendel allowed plants of a given variety to self cross for multiple generation s- reciprocal crosses between true breeding varieties - allowing hybrid offspring to self fertilize
• in a typical monohybrid cross, all of the offspring in which generations will exhibit a single trait without blending?

  - F1
• the ___ form of a trait is the one that is not expressed in the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross

  - recessive
• what was the ratio that Mendel observed between dominant and recessive traits in the F2 offspring of a monohybrid cross?

  - 3 dominant, 1 recessive- 3:1
• in pea pants, the allele T codes for tall plants and the allele t codes for short plants. a plant that is Tt has a __ genotype and phenotype of ___

  - heterogenous - tall
• the physical appearance or other observable characteristic of an individual is called his/her

  - phenotype
• although he did not know it, Mendel's principle of secretions scientific basis is meiosis. the second meiotic division produces gametes that contain

  - one homologue for each chromosome
• a ___ square can be used to predict the outcome of a simple genetic cross


  - punnett
• the following pedigree is representative of which type of inheritance? (figure)

  - recessive
• the form of a trait that is always expressed when crossing 2 rule breeding parents in a monohybrid cross is called

  - dominant
• what type of experiment involves mating 2 individuals with different characteristics to each other? one individual provides female gametes, while the other provides male gametes

  - hybridization
• a pea plant with green seeds is allowed to self hybridize. all of the following offspring plants produce green seeds as well. that plant is therefore considered to be a


  - true- breeding plant
• which of the following takes place automatically within an individual garden pea plant if its not disturbed

  self- fertilization
• segregation o alleles occurs during which of the following processes?


  - meiosis
• difference between dominant and recessive

  - recessive- appears in both sexes, skips generations, and usually dont have afffected parents- dominant- one parent has to be affected, cant skip a generation, and appears in both sexes with equal transmition
• which of the following are components of mendels five element model

  - the presence of an allele doesn't ensure that it will be expressed - the two alleles remain discrete - alternative forms of genes are called alleles - parent transmit genes to offspring
• in pea plants, the allele T encodes for tall plants, while the allele t encodes for dwarf plants. if a true breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a true breeding dwarf plant what the expected genotypes of the offspring

  - all Tt
• assuming independent assortment, which of the following are ex of gametes produced by an AaBb individual?

  -AB-ab* punnett square
• a nonfunctional allele for tyrosinase is characteristic of the genetic condition called?


  - albinism
• multiplication ruleadditional rule


  - used for independent events- used for mutually events
• the probability of genotypes in an independently assorted dihybrid cross is based on the probabilities of

  - 2 monohybrid crosses
• to calculate the probability that if a woman has 4 children, they will all be girls, you should use the

  - product rule
• the rule of addition is applied to events with mutually ___ outcomes

  - exclusive
• in terms of probabilities, the cross of a tall yellow seeded pea plant (TTYy) with a tall green seeded pea plant (Ttyy) is equivalent to which two monohybrid crosses?


  - TT xTt and Yy x yy
• which of the these traits exhibit a dominant mode of inheritance?

  - mid-digital hair - polydactyl - hypercholesterolemia
• a person with type a blood can receive blood from

  - A- O
• when the interaction of genes alters genetic ratios, this is called

  - epistasis
• a temp sensitive version of the enzyme ____ is responsible for the pattern of fur color in Siamese cats

  - tyrosinase
• match these 4 blood phenotypes with the sugar exhibited on red blood cells

  - type A galactosamine

  - type B galactose

  - type AB both galactose and galactosamine

  - type O none