Newton’s laws

• What are Newton's first and second laws of motion about?

  They describe motion and forces acting on objects
• What does Newton's first law state about resultant force?

  A resultant force is needed to change motion
• What happens to a stationary object if the resultant force is zero?

  The object remains stationary
• What occurs if the resultant force on a moving object is zero?

  The object continues moving at the same velocity
• What does Newton's second law state about non-zero resultant force?

  It causes the object to accelerate
• What does "non-zero" mean in the context of forces?

  Anything other than zero
• If a particle has unbalanced forces acting on it, what will happen?

  It will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
• What can happen to an object accelerating to the right?

  It can start moving, speed up, or change direction
• How does acceleration relate to velocity?

  Acceleration is the change in velocity over time
• Why does the moon accelerate even with constant speed in circular motion?

  Its direction is constantly changing
• What force acts on the moon to keep it in orbit?

  The gravitational pull of the Earth
• What does the equation $F =$$ma$ represent?


  Resultant force equals mass times acceleration
• If a particle has a mass of $0.25 \text{ kg}$ and experiences a resultant force of $12 \text{ N}$, what is its acceleration?


  $48 \text{ m/s}^2$
• What is inertia?

  The tendency of an object to maintain its motion
• How is inertial mass defined?

  It measures how difficult it is to change velocity
• How do you calculate inertial mass?

  By dividing force by acceleration
• What does a large mass indicate about inertia?

  It requires a large force to change velocity
• How does inertia relate to Newton's first law?

  Inertia is the principle behind the first law
• What are the key concepts of Newton's first and second laws of motion?

  • First Law: Resultant force needed to change motion
  • Second Law: Non-zero force causes acceleration
  • Inertia: Objects maintain their state of motion
• What are the effects of unbalanced forces on an object?

  • Start moving if stationary
  • Speed up if moving in the same direction
  • Slow down if moving in the opposite direction
  • Change direction without changing speed
• What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

  • Force equals mass times acceleration
  • Larger force results in larger acceleration
  • Inertial mass measures resistance to acceleration
• What does Newton's third law state about forces between two objects?

  Forces are equal and opposite.
• What does the "equal" in Newton's third law refer to?

  The magnitude of the two forces.
• What does the "opposite" in Newton's third law refer to?

  The direction of the two forces.
• If you push a box with a force of 100 newtons, what force does the box exert on you?

  100 newtons in the opposite direction.
• What is the force that the box exerts called?

  Normal contact force.
• What determines whether you or the box will move when pushing?

  The mass of the box and the force applied.
• What happens if the box is small when you push it?

  The box is likely to move.
• What happens if the box is large when you push it?

  The box may not move at all.
• What happens if the box is medium-sized when you push it?

  You might move backward a little, and the box moves forward.
• What is the equation for Newton's second law?

  F = m a.
• How can you rearrange the equation F = m a to find acceleration?

  a = F / m.
• What is required for an object to be accelerated and move?

  A high force or a small mass.
• What generally happens with smaller objects when a force is applied?

  They will generally move most.
• What are the key concepts of Newton's third law?

  • Forces between two objects are equal and opposite.
  • Magnitude refers to the strength of forces.
  • Direction refers to the way forces act.
  • Example: Pushing a box results in equal force back.
• How does mass affect movement when a force is applied?

  • Smaller mass: more likely to move.
  • Larger mass: less likely to move.
  • Medium mass: may result in partial movement for both.
• What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

  • Newton's second law: F = m a.
  • Rearranged: a = F / m.
  • High force or small mass leads to acceleration.