DNA

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What is DNA classified as?

  A polymer made of similar units
• How many strands does DNA have?

  Two strands
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix
• If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?

  Over two meters long
• How is DNA organized in a cell?

  Separated into 46 different sections
• What are the tightly coiled sections of DNA called?

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes does each human cell have?

  46 chromosomes
• How many different types of chromosomes are there?

  23 different types
• What do we call the pairs of chromosomes?

  Chromosome pairs
• What are the sex chromosomes in humans?

  X and Y chromosomes
• What chromosomes do women have?

  Two X chromosomes
• What chromosomes do men have?

  One X and one Y chromosome
• When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?

  Just before cell division
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA coding for protein
• What does a gene code for?

  A particular sequence of amino acids
• How many different types of amino acids are there?

  20 different types
• What determines the type of cell produced?

  The proteins the cell produces
• What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• What is a genome?

  The entire set of genetic material
• How does an individual's genome compare to others?

  It differs from strangers, similar to parents
• What can scientists identify by studying the human genome?

  Genes linked to certain diseases
• What is an inherited disease?

  A disease caused by inherited genes
• How can genes affect disease risk?

  They can increase the risk of diseases
• What can doctors do by looking at genes?

  Choose more effective treatments
• How can genomes help trace human migrations?

  By showing genetic differences between populations
• What do small differences in genomes indicate?

  When populations separated in history
• What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes?

  • DNA is the genetic material.
  • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA sections.
  • Genes are segments of DNA coding for proteins.
  • The genome is the complete set of genetic material.
• What are the differences between X and Y chromosomes?

  • X chromosome: present in both genders, two in females.
  • Y chromosome: present only in males, one in males.
• What are the implications of studying the human genome?

  • Identifying disease-linked genes.
  • Understanding inherited diseases.
  • Developing better treatments.
  • Tracing human migrations.
• What is the focus of today's video?

  Different genetic terms and concepts
• What is an allele?

  A different version of the same gene
• What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

  Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive ones
• What do homozygous and heterozygous refer to?

  Homozygous has identical alleles; heterozygous has different alleles
• What is a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for a protein
• How do genes determine characteristics?

  They code for proteins that influence traits
• Can traits be determined by a single gene?

  Yes, some traits are determined by a single gene
• How are most characteristics determined?

  By several interacting genes
• Why do humans have different heights?

  Multiple genes interact to determine height
• What are alleles?

  Different forms of the same gene