Genetic research

• Who is considered the founding father of genetics?

  Gregor Mendel
• What was Gregor Mendel's profession?

  Austrian scientist and monk
• What did farmers know about crossbreeding by the 1800s?

  It could lead to more favorable offspring
• What did Mendel study in his experiments?

  Traits like height, flower color, and pod color
• What was the first experiment Mendel conducted with pea plants?

  • Crossed a green pea plant with a yellow pea plant
  • All offspring were yellow pea plants
  • No green pea plants were produced
• What was the result when Mendel crossed two yellow pea plants?

  Three quarters were yellow, one quarter green
• Why did Mendel conclude that hereditary units could be dominant or recessive?

  Because recessive traits were only expressed with both parents
• What did Mendel call the units being passed on from one generation to the next?

  Hereditary units
• What must happen for a recessive trait to be expressed?

  It must be inherited from both parents
• What did Mendel find about the yellow pea plants in the second generation?

  They had hereditary units for green pods
• What was the significance of the green podded plant in the third generation?

  It had two copies of the recessive unit
• What pattern did Mendel observe in his experiments with different traits?

  • Traits were passed down in a dominant-recessive manner
  • Similar patterns were found across various characteristics
• What did scientists not know about during Mendel's time?

  DNA or genes
• What discovery was made towards the end of the 1800s?

  Chromosomes were discovered
• What did scientists notice about chromosomes in the early 1900s?

  They resembled Mendel's hereditary units
• What term do we use today for Mendel's hereditary units?

  Genes
• What major discovery was made in the 1950s regarding DNA?

  The double helix structure was discovered
• When was the entire human genome sequenced?

  In 2003
• What is the significance of sequencing the human genome?

  • It revealed the entire sequence of genetic bases
  • It advanced our understanding of genetics
• What is the overall topic of the video?

  The history of genetics
• What did Mendel's experiments contribute to science?

  They laid the foundation for genetics