Global Fundamentalism

• What has fundamentalism emerged as a major concern in relation to?

  International Islamist terrorism
• How is the term 'fundamentalist' applied beyond Islamist groups?

  It also applies to Protestant Christians
• What do fundamentalist groups seek to return to?

  The basic ideas of their faith
• What do Christian fundamentalists reject?

  Homosexuality and abortion
• What do fundamentalist groups believe about religious texts?

  They believe in the literal truth of texts
• What do Christian fundamentalists claim about the Bible?

  Every word is true and eternal
• What do creationists believe about the world's creation?

  God created the world in seven days
• What do fundamentalists deny regarding alternative visions?

  They deny the authenticity of alternative visions
• How do fundamentalists justify their views?

  By referencing sacred texts
• What does Aldridge (2013) argue about religious texts?

  No text can speak for itself; it needs interpretation
• How do Christian fundamentalists interpret the Bible?

  As historical facts about the future
• What mentality do fundamentalists create regarding the world?

  An 'us and them' mentality
• What do fundamentalist groups appeal to in society?

  Tradition and fundamentals of their faith
• What do fundamentalist groups believe about their traditional values?

  They are threatened by modern society
• How do fundamentalist groups respond to perceived threats?

  With aggression to shock and intimidate
• What types of threats do fundamentalist groups perceive?

  From globalization and new secular ideas
• Who are the authoritative leaders in fundamentalist groups?

  The clergy and elders
• What role do leaders play in fundamentalist movements?

  They interpret sacred texts and guide reactions
• How do fundamentalist movements use modern technology?

  To recruit followers and access weapons
• What does Giddens argue about fundamentalism and globalization?

  Fundamentalism is a reaction to globalization
• What does globalization open up debate on?

  Difficult issues like abortion and marriage
• What does Bauman (1992) highlight about postmodern society?

  Individuals face choice, freedom, and uncertainty
• How do fundamentalists respond to uncertainty in society?

  By returning to basic ideas in holy texts
• What does Giddens say about globalization's effects?

  It could lead to personalisation of religion
• What is cosmopolitanism according to Giddens?

  A way of thinking that embraces modernity
• What are the two responses to globalization according to Castells (1998)?

  Resistant identity and project identity
• What does Beckford criticize about the view of globalization and fundamentalism?

  It ignores effects on other religious movements
• What does Haynes (1998) argue about conflicts in the Middle East?

  They are often due to local elite failures
• What period saw optimism for secular beliefs?

  The late 18th century until the 1960s
• What does Davie (2013) say about secular fundamentalism?

  It has emerged as a response to globalization
• What has caused the attack on the Enlightenment project since the 1970s?

  Uncertainty caused by globalization
• What does Davie say about secular ideologies today?

  They are struggling to survive in society
• What does Davie mean by secular ideologies having 'past their sell by date'?

  They are outdated and losing support
• What happened in Yugoslavia in 1990?

  Ethnic cleansing justified by secular movements
• What actions did France take regarding religious symbols in schools?

  Banned pupils from wearing religious symbols
• What does Ansell (200) argue about cultural racism?

  It uses liberal language to deny racist aims
• What did Donald Trump declare regarding America?

  'America first' and banned Muslim citizens
• What does Bruce argue about the cause of fundamentalism?

  Globalization threatens religious beliefs
• What type of religions does Bruce believe produce fundamentalism?

  Monotheistic religions
• Why are polytheistic religions less likely to produce fundamentalism?

  They lack a single authoritative text