Neurotransmitters

• The neurotransmitter glutamate is the most common excitatory transmitter.
• GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, helping to reduce neuronal excitability.
• Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.
• GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, involved in reducing neuronal excitability.
• Glutamate receptors are ionotropic or metabotropic, with NMDA being an example of an ionotropic receptor.
• NMDA receptors have two binding sites - one for glutamate and another for glycine/D-serine.
• NMDA receptors require co-activation by glycine to open channels that allow calcium influx into neurons.
• Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions.
• Norepinephrine is involved in stress response, alertness, and memory formation.
• Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT) remove excess glutamate from synaptic clefts.
• Dopamine plays a role in reward, motivation, movement control, and attention.
• Serotonin is involved in mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
• Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter that plays roles in muscle control, attention, and cognitive function.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, appetite control, and pain perception.
• Dopamine is associated with reward, motivation, pleasure, movement, and cognition.
• Dopamine is involved in reward pathways, motivation, movement, and cognition.
• Norepinephrine/noradrenaline is involved in stress response, attention, and alertness.
• NMDA receptors play a role in long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens connections between neurons and underlies learning and memory.
• Ion channels open when both binding sites are occupied by their respective ligands.
• Dopamine is associated with reward, motivation, pleasure, movement, attention, and cognition.
• Inhibitory amino acids include GABA and glycine.
• Inhibitory amino acids include GABA and glycine.
• Calcium influx through NMDA receptors can lead to long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens connections between neurons.
• Excitatory amino acids include aspartate, glutamate, and GABA.
• Inhibitory amino acids include GABA and glycine.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
• Calcium influx through NMDA receptors can lead to long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens connections between neurons.
• Calcium influx through NMDA receptors can lead to long-term potentiation (LTP), which strengthens connections between neurons.
• Excitatory amino acids include aspartate, glutamate, and GABA.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
• Serotonin plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
• Acetylcholine plays a role in muscle control, learning, and memory.
• Acetylcholine plays a role in muscle control, learning, and memory.
• The serotonergic pathway involves the release of serotonin from presynaptic terminals onto postsynaptic cells.
• The serotonergic pathway involves the release of serotonin from presynaptic terminals onto postsynaptic cells.
• Excitatory amino acids like aspartate and glutamate play important roles in brain function.
• Excitatory amino acids like aspartate and glutamate play important roles in brain function.
• GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
• GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.