Electronic Structures

• What is a period in the Periodic Table?

  A horizontal row
• What is a group in the Periodic Table?

  A vertical column
• Why are groups and periods numbered in the Periodic Table?

  To help identify them
• What happens to the atomic number as you move left to right across a period?

  It increases by 1
• How does the number of electrons change across a period?

  It increases by 1 each time
• Why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties?

  Due to the arrangement of electrons
• How are electrons arranged in atoms?

  Around the nucleus in shells
• What does the electronic structure of an element show?

  How the electrons are arranged in its atoms
• What is the outermost occupied shell in an atom called?

  The outer shell
• Can different shells hold different numbers of electrons?

  Yes, they can
• What are the key features of the Periodic Table's arrangement?

  • Periods: horizontal rows
  • Groups: vertical columns
  • Numbering for identification
  • Atomic number increases left to right
  • Similar properties in groups due to electron arrangement
• How are electrons structured in atoms?

  • Arranged around the nucleus
  • Organized in shells
  • Outer shell is the outermost occupied shell
  • Different shells can hold varying numbers of electrons
• How can you determine electronic structures of elements?

  By counting from hydrogen, period by period
• What is the relationship between electronic structure and the Periodic Table?

  They are linked by numbers in electronic structure
• What does the last number in electronic structure represent?

  The non-IUPAC group number
• What is unique about Group 0 elements in terms of electronic structure?

  They have full outer shells
• How does the number of numbers in electronic structure relate to the Periodic Table?

  It equals the period number
• What does the sum of the numbers in electronic structure equal?

  The atomic number of the element
• What is the electronic structure of oxygen, given its atomic number is 8?

  2.6
• What can you conclude about oxygen's position in the Periodic Table based on its electronic structure?

  It is in Group 6 and Period 2
• What is the electronic structure of calcium, given it is in Group 2 and Period 4?

  2.8.8.2
• What is the atomic number of calcium?

  20
• How does the electronic structure help in identifying an element's group and period?

  It provides numerical links to group and period