distilation

• crude oil is separated by fractional distilation
• fractioning column is cooler at the top and hotter at the bottom, crude oil vapours rise and condense at boiling point
• catalyst cracking is turning long chain hydrocarbons of a lower demand and making more shorter chain hydrocarbons
• long chain alkanes - use silica or alumina catalysts to make alkenes at temp of 600-700
• crude oil = a mixture of many different compounds, mostly hydrocarbons and mainly alkanes
• top: refinery gases (shortest) = domestic heating
• petrol = fuel for cars
• kerosene = fuel for planes
• diesel = fuel for lorrys
• fuel oils = industrial heating and ship boilers
• bottom: bitumen (longest) = tarmac