Anatomy

• Orbicularis oculi is a muscle that closes the eye. It is the skin around the eye
• Epicranius consists of the Frontalis and Occipitalis muscle which is the skin and muscle around the eye. Action: Raises eyebrow
• Orbicularis Oris is the muscle near the mouth that helps with chewing and swallowing. Closes lips and is the skin of lips
• Buccinator is the muscle on the wall of cheeks around the Orbicularris Oculi. Action: Compresses cheeks inward
• Zygomaticus major and minor located at zygomatic bone (cheek bone) and Orbicularis Oris. Action: Raises corner of mouth
• Platysma is a muscle from the collar bone to jaw that is responsible for jawline. Action: Draws angle of mouth downward
• Masseter: a muscle which runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw. Action: Elevates mandible
• Temporalis along temporal bone which also elevates mandible. (temporal lobe and jaw)
• sternocleidomastoid is the anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle. Action: Pulls head to side or chest or sternum
• splenius capitis is on lower cervical and upper thoraic vertebrae. Action: Rotates head, bends head to one side and into upright positio
• Semispinalis Capitis is middle of neck insertion of occipital bone. Action: Extends head and bends to one side and rotates
• Anterior muscles include; Pectoralis minor which is the sternal ends of upper ribs which pulls scapula anteriorly and downward or raises ribs. Also includes Serratus anterior which is outer surface of upper ribs which pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
• Posterior muscles includes Trapezius which is located by the occipital bone and spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Action: rotates scapulae and raises arm. Pulls medially or pulls shoulder downward. It also includes Rhomboid major and minor, located at the spines of upper thoracic verebrae which raises and adducts scapulae. Another one is Levator scapula which is located at the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Action: Elevates scapula
• orgin of axial skeletons include Pectoralis major which is located at the clavicle,sternum and costal cartilage of upper ribs. (ntertubular groove of humerus) Action: Pulls arm anteriorly and across chest, rotates humorous and adducts arm. Latissuimus dorsi located at the spines, lumbar and lower thoracic. Action; Extends and adducts arm rotates humorous inward.
• organ on scapula include Coracobrachialis which is the shaft of humerus. Action: Flexes and adducts arm. Trees major which is on the lateral border of scapula . Action: Extends humorous or adducts and rotates arm medially. Deltoid which is located at the spine of scapula and clavicle. Action: Abducts arm, extends and flexes humerous
• origins of rotator cuffs and scapula include Supraspinatus which is located at the posterior surface scapula . Action: Abducts arm Subscalpularis which is located at the anterior surface of scapula . Action: rotates arm medially. Infraspinatus which is located at the posterior surface of scapula . Action: rotates arm laterally. Trees minor which is located on the lateral border of scapula. Action: rotate arm laterally
• muscle bellies in arms include Biceps brachia which is located above the glenoid cavity of scapula. Action: flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally. Brachialis which is located below the glenoid cavity of scapula. Action: flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand medially. Triceps brachii which extends forearm at elbow
• muscle bellies in forearm include brachioradialis located at the diastal later end of humorous and flexes forearm at elbow. supinator located at the surface of radius and action is to supinate forearm laterally. Pronator tereus located at the proximal end of radius and action is to pronate forearm laterally. Pronator quadratus located at anterior distal end of ulna and rotates arm medially
• Anterior flexor muscle include flexor carpi radialis which is located at the base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Action: Flexes the hand at the wrist. Flexor carpi ulnas which is located at the carpel and metacarpal bone. Action: Flexes and adducts wrist. Pamaris longus which I located at the fascia of palm. Action: Adducts wrist. Flexor digitorum profundus located at the anterior surface of ulna and flees wrist.
• Posterior extensor muscles include extensors carpi radialis brevis which is located at the styloid process of ulna. Action: Extend wrist. Extensors carpi radialis longus which is located at the styloid process of ulna. Action: Extend wrist. Extensores digitorum communis which are located at the posterior surface of ulna. Action: extend fingers and thumb.
• posterior extensor muscles include extensor carpi radialis lonhgus which is located at the distal end of humorous and extends wrist. Extensor carpi radialis brevis extends wrist and extensor carpi ulnaris extends wrist and forearm. Extensor carpi ulnaris which is located at the base of the 5th metacarpal and extends and abducts hand