Perkin Warbeck

    Cards (53)

    • What rumours spread from 1491?
      Prince Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York had escaped the Tower of London and was NOT murdered
    • Who was Prince Richard Plantagenet?
      > Duke of York
      > Younder son of King Edward IV
    • What actually happened to the REAL Prince Richard, Duke of York?
      > One of the Princes in the Tower
      > Allegedly murdered by Richard III
    • Since Prince Richard was thought to have escaped from the Tower and not murdered, what was he set to do?
      Reclaim the throne he was entitled to - the undisputed heir and undeniable claim to the throne unlike Henry
    • What is the problem with Prince Richard mysteriously appearing even if it wasn't true?
      > Loyalties to Henry and Elizabeth of York would be torn again
      > There was no way for Henry to disprove this like Simnel
      > Attacked everything Henry had built up
      > Prince Richard was the undisputed heir and had an undeniable claim to the thone
    • Who was in fact this new Prince Richard who returned?
      Perkin Warbeck
    • How did the rise of this imposter Richard affect yorkists?
      > Yorkist sympathies and hopes revived
      > Support from those dissatisfied with those in power AND the royal household
    • Why was Warbeck a worse problem than Simnel?
      Henry could not disprove Warbeck - the bodies of the Princes in the Tower were never found
    • When did Warbeck start to present a persistent challenge to the stability of Henry's reign?
      1491
    • Who long did Warbeck's threat last?
      1491-1499 - 8 years
    • Who did Warbeck exploit about Henry given the date 1491?
      1491 - Henry not yet established stable relations with powerful European countries
    • What powers welcomed Warbeck to their royal court?
      > Maximilian I - Holy Roman Empire
      > James IV - Scotland
      > Charles VIII - France
      > Margaret of Burgundy - Burgundy
    • What did European powers see Warbeck as?
      > Margaret = her genuine nephew
      > European leaders = the perfect bargaining ship for diplomatic and territorial ambitions in Europe
    • Ireland 1491 : 1.1 when did Warbeck arrive in Ireland?
      November 1491
    • Ireland 1491 : 1.2 who supported Warbeck in Ireland?
      Southern yorkist sympathisers in Desmond and Munster
    • Ireland 1491 : 1.3 who did not support Warbeck in Ireland?
      Gerald FitzGerald, Earl of Kildare - did not offer support nor oppose Warbeck
    • Ireland 1491 : 2.1 what did Henry do in Ireland when Warbeck arrived and Kildare did not oppose him?
      > Sent forces to Ireland
      > June 1492 - Kildare removed from post
      > Renewed old feud between Kildare and Henry
    • Ireland 1491 : 2.2 what was Warbeck forced to do with rising instability in Ireland?
      > Migrate to France - French royal court of King Charles VIII to gather support
      > Anglo-French relations already strained = Warbeck take advantage
    • Ireland 1491 : 3.1 What did Henry do after Warbeck migrated out of Ireland and given how Warbeck was treated in Ireland?
      1493 - Steps to pacify Ireland
    • France 1492 : 1.1. what did Warbeck arriving in the French royal court encourage him to do?
      > Prepare a campaign against France
      > Taxes levied
      > Prepare largest military force of 15000
    • France 1492 : 2.1 how many times did Henry postpone invading France?
      Postponed invasion 3 times
    • France 1492 : 2.2. where did Henry and his military forces cross in France upon invasion?
      October 1492 - Crossed into Calais
    • France 1492 : 2.3 what was Charles VIII forced to do when Henry invaded France?
      November 1492 - Henry paid by Charles VIII to retreat back to England
    • France 1492 : 2.4 what treaty was signed between Henry and Charles VIII after the invasion and retreat?
      Treaty of Etaples
    • France 1492 : 2.5 what did the Treaty of Etaples state?
      > Charles VIII promised to expel Warbeck from court
      > Promised to never offer refuge to other English claimants
    • France 1492 : what did the signing of the Treaty of Etaples mean for Warbeck?
      Forced to migrate to the court of Margaret of Burgundy
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 1.1 who welcomed Warbeck into the Burgundian court?
      > Margaret of Burgundy welcomed Warbeck to Burgundian court
      > Desperate to take revenge against Henry
      > Accepted Warbeck as his nephew whole heartedly
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 2.1 why did Maximilian take an interest in providing Warbeck refuge in the HRE?
      > Equally willing to allow Warbeck to seek refuge like Margaret
      > Maximilian left out of Treaty of Etaples - humiliated with rage
      > Rumours of Warbeck in Burgundy spread like cancer to England on merchant ships
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 3.1 how did Henry try to handle Warbeck in Burgundy?
      > Diplomatic effort to extradite Warbeck failed
      > Placed economic sanctions on Burgundy
      > 1493 - Placed trade embargo, banned english merchants trading in Burgundian ports
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 4.1 what happened as a result of the trade embargo on Burgundy in London?
      > Trade standstill
      > Economic and political discontent in England
      > Rumours of Warbeck's imminent invasion spread
      > Plots of yorkist assassinations of king and family
      > London - some urged city to rise in revolt against king
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 4.2 with ongoing political instability in England, what happened to Warbeck's profile?
      > Warbeck's profile grew on continent
      > 1494 - Maxilimilan recognised Warbeck as King Richard IV of England
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 5.1 how did Henry counter Warbeck's threat and recognition as KING Richard IV?
      > November 1494 - appointed his heir as Prince Arthur, Duke of York
      > Stripped Warbeck from title and encourage loyalty to his Tudor dynasty
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 5.2 who did Henry reveal was plotting against him in his royal household for the Warbeck conspiracy through a network of spies?
      > Lord Fitzgerald - Lord Steward
      > Sir William Stanley - Lord Chamberlain; helped in Battle of Bosworth
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 5.3 what did the Warbeck conspiracy in the royal household reveal to Henry?
      10 years on the throne - still could not guarantee loyalty of those who served him
    • Burgundy 1493-1495 : 5.4 what happened to William Stanley once he was exposed of the Warbeck conspiracy?
      > Arrested and brought to the king
      > Put on trial and beheaded on charge of treason
    • Failed invasion and return Ireland 1495 : 1.1 when did Warbeck attempt his first invasion of England?
      > June 1495
      > Backed by Burgundy and Maximilian
    • Failed invasion and return Ireland 1495 : 1.2 what happened during Warbeck's first invasion?
      > June 1495
      > Landed Deal, Kent for popular support
      > Confronted by loyal locals
      > Small army forced to retreat and 150 killed without Warbeck even disembarking from ship
      > Forced to retreat immediately to Ireland
      > Several months = cold trail
    • Scotland and second failed invasion 1496 : 1.1 where did Warbeck resurface after failing to secure support in Ireland?
      Scotland - court of King James IV
    • Scotland and second failed invasion 1496 : 1.2 why did James IV show an interest in Warbeck?
      > James IV = ambitious and wanted to impose himself and Scotland on European stage
      > Warbeck - tool for plan
    • Scotland and second failed invasion 1496 : 2.1 what did James IV do for Warbeck in Scotland?
      > Received him as Yorkist heir
      > Married Warbeck to Lady Katherine Gordon - scottish nobility
      > Prepared for 'King Richard IV' to challenge Henry
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