respiratory system

• seven structures of the respiratory system: external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
• alveoli is simple squamous epithelium
• ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
• respiration is the diffusion of gases across cell membranes
• internal respiration is the movement of gas between blood and body's cells
• external respiration is the movement of gases between atmospheric air in the lungs and the blood
• upper respiratory tract is nose to larynx
• lower respiratory tract is trachea to alveoli of lungs
• diaphragm is the muscle for respiration
• respiratory zone is where gas is exchanged in lungs
• conducting zone is where air goes in and out of the body
• right lobe of lungs has 2 fissures, 3 lobes
• left lobe of lungs has 1 fissure, 2 lobes
• stroma is the lung tissue
• pharynx is also known as the throat, a passageway containing nasal cavity
• 3 regions of pharynx: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
• larynx is also known as the voice box
• thyroid cartilage is known as the adam's apple
• cricoid cartilage forms the base of the larynx
• epiglottis is the freely movable flap that diverts food away from the trachea
• arytenoid cartilage articulate with superior border on the posterior of the cricoid cartilage
• corniculate cartilage are attached to the superior tips of the arytenoid cartilages
• cuneiform cartilage are contained in a mucous membrane
• trachea is commonly known as the windpipe
• the trachea is reinforced with 15-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage called tracheal rings
• the trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called main bronchi or primary bronchi
• lobar bronchi or secondary bronchi arise directly from the main bronchi
• segmental bronchi or tertiary bronchi supply subdivisions within each lung lobe, called bronchopulmonary segments
• alveoli are small air filled chambers where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other
• respiratory bronchioles have a few attached alveoli
• alveolar ducts arise from the respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar sacs are chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the end of an alveolar duct
• approximately 300 million alveoli are in the two lungs
• the lungs are primary organ for respiration
• hilum is tan indentation on the medial surface of the lung