Fluid balance is even more sensitive than energy balance and hence requires careful homeostatic control, of which the feeling of thirst is the most obvious part
TRUE OR FALSE
Homeostatic processes in multi-cellular organisms require cooperation across different cell types
TRUE
Sensors and neurons and hormone-secreting cells and so on and so on...
TRUE OR FALSE
Single-cell organisms don't need homeostatic processes
FALSE
The are living cells that have to compensate for changes in their environment, so yes, they do need homeostatic processes
Order the substances and processes to create an energy-creating sequence:
glucose
ATP
further break-down
acetyl-CoA
carbohydrates
digest
citric acid cycle & oxidative phosphorylation
carbohydrates
digest
glucose
further break-down
acetyl-CoA
citric acid cycle & oxidative phosphorylation
ATP
TRUE OR FALSE
Injecting a medium-high amount of insulin reduces eating in an unfed ('hungry') animal, injecting a higher amount reduces eating even further
FALSE
Injecting a medium-high amount does indeed reduce eating behaviour, but injecting a higher amount increases food intake instead of decreasing it.
TRUE OR FALSE
Insulin is important for both the utilization and the storage of sugar
TRUE
Which is one of the reasons why it was thought to be the central signal in eating control
TRUE OR FALSE
During the cephalic phase, insulin is released from the brain
FALSE
No, insulin is released from the pancreas - during the cephalic phase, it's the brain that signals to the pancreas to get on with the job
For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true for the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or the lateral hypothalamus (LH)
Lesion increases food intake
Stimulation reduces food intake
Lesion decreases food intake
Stimulation increases food intake
Lesion increases food intake-->VMH
Stimulation reduces food intake-->VMH
Lesion decreases food intake-->LH
Stimulation increases food intake--> LH
TRUE OR FALSE
For rats, mealtimes are the most important factor that determine when to start a meal
FALSE
No, that's true for humans, but not for rats
TRUE OR FALSE
Humans can learn to feel hungry whenever some specific - but not actually food-related - conditions are met
TRUE
For us, that might be the sight of a nicely set table, for the rat, the sound of a bell... Also note that we cannot actually know if a rat "feels hungry": we can only observe that they start eating (we can infer from this that they do feel hungry, but seeing as they can't tell us, we won't ever know for sure).
TRUE OR FALSE
Rats can learn to start eating whenever some specific - but not actually food-related - conditions are met
TRUE
For us, that might be the sight of a nicely set table, for the rat, the sound of a bell... Also note that we cannot actually know if a rat "feels hungry": we can only observe that they start eating (we can infer from this that they do feel hungry, but seeing as they can't tell us, we won't ever know for sure).