Cards (22)

    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Thirst is part of a homeostatic mechanism
      TRUE
      Fluid balance is even more sensitive than energy balance and hence requires careful homeostatic control, of which the feeling of thirst is the most obvious part
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Homeostatic processes in multi-cellular organisms require cooperation across different cell types
      TRUE
      Sensors and neurons and hormone-secreting cells and so on and so on...
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Single-cell organisms don't need homeostatic processes
      FALSE
      The are living cells that have to compensate for changes in their environment, so yes, they do need homeostatic processes
    • Order the substances and processes to create an energy-creating sequence:
      • glucose
      • ATP
      • further break-down
      • acetyl-CoA
      • carbohydrates
      • digest
      • citric acid cycle & oxidative phosphorylation
      • carbohydrates
      • digest
      • glucose
      • further break-down
      • acetyl-CoA
      • citric acid cycle & oxidative phosphorylation
      • ATP
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Injecting a medium-high amount of insulin reduces eating in an unfed ('hungry') animal, injecting a higher amount reduces eating even further
      FALSE
      Injecting a medium-high amount does indeed reduce eating behaviour, but injecting a higher amount increases food intake instead of decreasing it.
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Insulin is important for both the utilization and the storage of sugar
      TRUE
      Which is one of the reasons why it was thought to be the central signal in eating control
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      During the cephalic phase, insulin is released from the brain
      FALSE
      No, insulin is released from the pancreas - during the cephalic phase, it's the brain that signals to the pancreas to get on with the job
    • For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true for the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or the lateral hypothalamus (LH)
      • Lesion increases food intake
      • Stimulation reduces food intake
      • Lesion decreases food intake
      • Stimulation increases food intake
      Lesion increases food intake-->VMH 
      Stimulation reduces food intake-->VMH 
      Lesion decreases food intake-->LH 
      Stimulation increases food intake--> LH
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      For rats, mealtimes are the most important factor that determine when to start a meal
      FALSE
      No, that's true for humans, but not for rats
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Humans can learn to feel hungry whenever some specific - but not actually food-related - conditions are met
      TRUE
      For us, that might be the sight of a nicely set table, for the rat, the sound of a bell... Also note that we cannot actually know if a rat "feels hungry": we can only observe that they start eating (we can infer from this that they do feel hungry, but seeing as they can't tell us, we won't ever know for sure).
    • TRUE OR FALSE
      Rats can learn to start eating whenever some specific - but not actually food-related - conditions are met
      TRUE
      For us, that might be the sight of a nicely set table, for the rat, the sound of a bell... Also note that we cannot actually know if a rat "feels hungry": we can only observe that they start eating (we can infer from this that they do feel hungry, but seeing as they can't tell us, we won't ever know for sure).
    • What happens when fat cells are depleted?
      Hypothalamus produces activating signals
    • What signals does the hypothalamus produce after fat cells are depleted?
      Activating signals including orexins
    • What occurs after the hypothalamus produces activating signals?
      Appetite increases
    • What happens when fat cells fill up?
      Fat cells produce and release leptin
    • What does leptin do when it arrives at the hypothalamus?
      Hypothalamus produces inhibiting signals including CRH
    • What is the effect of inhibiting signals from the hypothalamus?
      Appetite decreases
    • What happens after appetite decreases?
      Fat cells begin to deplete
    • What occurs when no leptin arrives at the hypothalamus?
      Hypothalamus produces activating signals
    • What is the cycle that occurs when fat cells are full?
      Fat cells produce leptin, appetite decreases
    • How does the cycle of leptin control affect eating behavior?
      Leptin regulates appetite through hypothalamic signals
    • What are the steps in the leptin control model of eating behavior?
      1. Fat cells are depleted
      2. Hypothalamus produces activating signals (incl. orexins)
      3. Appetite increases
      4. Fat cells fill up
      5. Fat cells produce and release leptin
      6. Leptin arrives at hypothalamus
      7. Hypothalamus produces inhibiting signals (incl. CRH)
      8. Appetite decreases
      9. Fat cells begin to deplete
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