Climate change

• What is formed each year in ice cores?

  One layer
• How can layers of ice be analyzed?

  To tell the temperature each year
• What can be analyzed in ocean sediment cores?

  Remains of organisms
• How far back can sediment records extend?

  At least 1 million years
• What do tree rings indicate?

  Age and climate conditions
• How do scientists measure tree ring thickness?

  To assess climate conditions
• How far back do tree rings provide evidence?

  Past 10,000 years
• What does pollen analysis help scientists identify?

  Species living at the time
• How is pollen preserved?

  In sediment
• What do scientists compare pollen to?

  Conditions plants live in now
• What are the methods of climate change mitigation?

  • Planting trees to absorb CO2
  • Using alternative energy sources
  • Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
  • International agreements like the Paris Agreement
• Since when have global temperatures been measured?

  Since the 1850s
• What does the 2016 Paris Agreement aim to limit?

  Global warming below 2°C
• What is a limitation of temperature records?

  They are reliable but short-term
• What can historical records be used for?

  To supplement temperature records
• What do major volcanic eruptions eject into the atmosphere?

  Large amounts of material
• How do particles from volcanic eruptions affect the Earth?

  They reflect sun rays, cooling the surface
• What happens to the Earth's temperature when solar output is reduced?

  The Earth cools
• What can agriculture adapt to due to climate change?

  New crops suited to new climate
• What are Milankovitch cycles?

  Variations in Earth's orbit affecting solar radiation
• What is a major cause of climate change related to fossil fuels?

  Burning fossil fuels releases CO2
• What happens to trees during deforestation?

  They release CO2 when burnt
• What gas is produced when waste decomposes in landfills?

  Methane
• What agricultural practice produces a lot of methane?

  Livestock farming
• What is a consequence of rising sea levels?

  Flooding in low-lying coastal areas
• What can better flood warning systems help with?

  Coping with rising sea levels
• How can water supply be managed during climate change?

  By installing water meters
• What environmental effect is caused by warmer temperatures?

  Melting glaciers
• What happens to polar habitats due to climate change?

  They are lost
• What is coral reef bleaching a result of?

  Warmer ocean temperatures
• What is a consequence of changing precipitation patterns?

  Decreased biodiversity
• What human issue arises from climate change?

  Struggle to supply water
• What farming issue is caused by climate change?

  Lower crop yields
• What health risk increases due to extreme weather?

  Deaths due to heat
• What are the effects of climate change on biodiversity?

  • Decreasing biodiversity
  • Species extinction