Cards (20)

    • What did Joseph (2004) conduct a meta-analysis on?
      Twin study data prior to 2001
    • What was the MZ twin concordance rate reported by Joseph (2004)?
      40%
    • What was the DZ twin concordance rate reported by Joseph (2004)?
      7%
    • Why does a higher MZ twin concordance rate support the role of genes in schizophrenia?
      Because MZ twins are genetically identical
    • What does the MZ twin concordance rate not being close to 100% suggest?
      Schizophrenia is not purely genetic
    • What do the findings of twin studies indicate about the causes of schizophrenia?
      Genetics are involved but not the sole cause
    • What is a methodological issue in investigating concordance rates among family members?
      Similar environmental influences affect them
    • How might overprotection from parents affect siblings?
      It may lead to social withdrawal
    • What could high concordance rates for schizophrenia between related individuals indicate?
      Exposure to family dysfunction, not genes
    • Why is it difficult to disentangle heredity and environment influences?
      Both affect individuals throughout their lifetime
    • What does the difficulty in disentangling heredity and environment reduce?
      The validity of genetic research on schizophrenia
    • What did Tienari et al. (2000) study provide evidence for?
      The genetic basis of schizophrenia
    • What percentage of adopted children with schizophrenic mothers were diagnosed with schizophrenia?
      7%
    • What percentage of adopted children with non-schizophrenic mothers were diagnosed with schizophrenia?
      2%
    • How much higher is the prevalence of schizophrenia for children with a biological mother with the disorder?
      3 times higher
    • Why is the Finnish adoption study considered convincing evidence?
      Related individuals lived apart
    • What is a limitation of purely genetic explanations for schizophrenia?
      They are overly deterministic
    • How might genes predispose an individual to schizophrenia?
      By making them vulnerable to the disorder
    • What choice might a child make if aware of a parent's schizophrenia?
      Begin therapy at onset of symptoms
    • What can mitigate potential innate factors for schizophrenia?
      Environmental situations and life choices