PAPER 2 - SECTION C CHALLENGE OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

• FOOD - What is important about UK food imports?

  . Imports 40% of our food

  . Cheaper

  . people want seasonal foods daily = strawberries + bananas
• FOOD - What are the positive impacts of UK food imports?

  . Jobs created for LIC farmers = allows them to pay for neccessary resources = less stress and anxiety
• FOOD - What are the negative impacts of UK food imports?

  . Uk farmers cannot compete with low prices

  . Relliance on oversees products
• FOOD - What are the different types of food waste?

  . Food waste - discarded because expired

  . Food loss - discarded before reaching supermarkert

  . UK have 9 million tonnes of total waste
• FOOD - what are they key terms?

  . Food miles - distance food has travelled

  . Carbon footprint - amount of CO2 from transporting food

  . Food security - access to healthy foods

  . Food deficit - Food demand > food supply

  . Undernutrition - Not eating enough nutrients

  . Malnutrition - condition from lack of nutrients

  . Famine - food shortages = starvation = death

  . Food riots - unrest due to food price increase
• FOOD - What is small scale vs large scale farming?

  . Organic farming = SMALL SCALE + EXPENSIVE

  Food made without chemicals

  . Agri - business = LARGE SCALE + BUSINESSES'

  food made with chemicals /tech e.g heat
• FOOD - What is the global demand of food?

  Population growth:

  . 8 bill ppl global

  . countires with highest growth = lack food security

  Economic development:

  . Increased wealth = HICs diets

  .More protein + more processed convenient foods e.g KFC
• FOOD - What are the causes of food insecurity?

  . People have no access to affordable nutritious food

  . Climate limits what food can grow

  . Pest and diseases destroy crops

  . Lack of tech prevents LIC farmers from growing faster

  . Conflict makes farmers become soliders
• FOOD - What are the impacts of food insecurity?

  . Stravation = weak immune system = death

  . Rising food prices = less food security

  . social unrests = food disputes

  . Deseertification = caused by over cultivation ( bare crops)
• FOOD - How can food supply be increased?

  . Irrigation - artificial watering = more crops

  . Aeroponics - Use of air = more nutrients

  . Hydroponics - plants grown in water = keeps freshness

  . Biotechnology - GMO of plants = drought resistance

  . Green revolution - new chemicals = more food
• FOOD - CASE STUDY: Small scale sustainable farming rice - fish farming in Jamalpur ( Bangledesh)

  . Small fish put in rice paddy fields

  . fish avoid the rice and eat the pests

  . fish = protein = better health

  . More rice yields = more to sell = money = improve quality of life
• FOOD - What are sustainabke food productions?

  . Organic farming - made without chemicals

  . Seasonal food - making sure to only eat during season

  . Urban farming - food made in towns and cities
• FOOD - CASE STUDY : Large scale agriculture Almeria greenhouses (Southern spain)

  . Largest conc of G-houses globally

  . very arrid = alot of rain = alot of sun = no artifical heating needed

  . supplies 1/2 of EU's fruit + veg

  . They use hydroponics which conserve water

  . Positive : creates farming jobs = multiplier effect

  . Negative : migrant workers exploited = little pay
• FOOD - What is sustainable food production?

  . Organic farming - produced without chemicals

  . Seasonal food - eating food only when its in season = less food miles

  . Urban farming - producing food in towns and cities

  . Sustainable fish - only eating fish which can be maintained forever
• WATER - What is water conservation?

  Water use is managed by encouraging people to :

  . have water meters to see water usage

  . use water efficient devices

  . use grey water when planting = recycles water

  . Temporaily stop using unecceasry water = pause washing cars
• WATER - Why is there a demand for water?

  . 50% of water = domestic = bath + showers

  . we use 150 liters of water daily

  .1/5 of water wasted through leakage

  . Water used for agriculture + industry
• WATER - What is water quality management

  Environment agenecy manages UK water quality:

  . Monitor river water

  . regulate water use

  . Prosecute water polluters e.g 90million found for illegal sewage dump
• WATER - what are the water transfer schemes?

  . Water transferred thru = canals , rives , pipes

  . Transferred from surplus areas to deficit areas

  . this is expensive
• ENERGY - What are the impacts of nuclear energy?

  . Social - potential accidents

  . Economic - huge construction costs

  . Environmental - risk = radiation leaks e.g Chernobyl
• ENERGY - What are the impacts of renewables?

  . Social - displacement from homes

  . Economic - Turbines deter tourists

  . Environmental - noise pollution = habitat degradation
• ENERGY - What is the UK energy mix?

  . shift ❌ fossil fuels ✔. renewable energy

  . Government target = no coal energy in 2025

  . Fracking = extracts shale gas from underground
• ENERGY - What are the impacts of fossil fuel ?

  . Social - air pollution = harms us

  . Economic - costly extraction

  . Environemental - co2 emissions
• WATER - What are the key terms water security , water insecurity , desalination , dams

  water security - access to clean water

  water insecurity - no access to clean water

  desalination - process of removing salt from sea water

  dams - block rivers to create reservoirs
• WATER - What are strategies to increase water supply

  Desalination - salt removed from sea water = allows access to large amounts of water = guarenteed supply e.g dubai 99% of water come from desalination = but expensive

  Water transfer schemes- water from surplus areas go to deficit areas using canals = but unsustainable water as open canals can lead to high water loss via evaporation

  Dams and reserviors - dams control and stores water which builds up in reservoir = but can fall quickly due to evaporation
• WATER - Water insecurity - What are factors affecting water availibilty

  .Rainfall - areas with more rainfall have more water than areas which have less rainfall

  .Geology - permeable rock layers which can store water for a century

  . Pollution of water supply

  . Over - abstraction
• ENERGY - How can we be more sustainable

  sustainable workplaces - less printing

  sustainable transport - use bikes

  reducing demand - incentives/rewards for being sustainable
• ENERGY - What are factors affecting energy supply?

  . physical factors

  .cost of production

  . political factors
• ENERGY - How can you increase energy supply?

  . Wind - spins turbines which generate electricity

  .Wave energy - converts turn water movement into power

  . Solar energy -sun's energy = power/electricity
• ENERGY - What are reasons for increasing energy?

  .Economic development - countries developing = more energy used on e.g industry

  .Population growth - more ppl in a country = higher energy demand

  .Technology - use of important tech in household e.g fridge, freezer = more energy used