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    Cards (24)

    • What were the challenges to royal authority in the late 1590s?
      Succession anxieties, Privy Council issues, Essex rebellion
    • Why was there overall loyalty to the Crown despite challenges?
      Most people remained loyal, except a few Catholics
    • What was the state of the Queen's reputation by the end of her reign?
      Her reputation was tarnished due to various issues
    • What were some emerging features of English commerce in the early 17th century?
      Trading companies and interest in the Americas
    • How did early English capitalism compare to other nations?
      It was relatively crude compared to others
    • What role did cottage industries play in the economy?
      Cottage industries provided additional income sources
    • What was important for many people to avoid poverty?
      Thrift and hard work were essential
    • What was the socially divided nature of English society characterized by?
      Wide disparity in living standards
    • What constraints helped prevent societal breakdown in England?
      Ability to feed the population and poor law reforms
    • What were the poor laws enacted in 1598 and 1601 aimed at?
      Providing relief to the poor, distinguishing categories
    • How was the Catholic community divided at the end of Elizabeth's reign?
      Majority accommodated loyalties; minority sought succession
    • What was the state of Puritanism in England by 1603?
      Most Puritans assimilated into the Anglican mainstream
    • What factors contributed to stability around the Church of England?
      Broad consensus and identification with the Church
    • Why might Elizabeth's reputation be considered tarnished?
      She seemed out of touch with younger aspirations
    • What is the role of the Privy Council?
      Advisors appointed to assist the monarch
    • Who was the Earl of Essex?
      Robert Devereux, executed for treason
    • What are trading companies?
      Organizations for trade and exploration
    • What are cottage industries?
      Small-scale manufacturing in homes
    • What did the poor laws distinguish between?
      The 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor
    • What is a bull of excommunication?
      A papal decree excluding a group from the Church
    • What is Puritanism?
      A movement to purify the Church of England
    • What is Anglicanism?
      The doctrine of the Church of England
    • What is separatism?
      A radical form of Puritanism advocating separation
    • What is a subsistence crisis?
      A period of widespread food shortages
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