non-fatals

• assault- max 6 months/ £5000 fine
• battery- max 6 months/ £5000 fine
• s.47 OAPA- assault and battery occasioning ABH- 5 years
• s.20- GBH/ wounding without intent/ mr is toward SOME harm- max 5 years
• s.18- GBH/ wounding with intent- max life
• Assault:

  • AR (Actus Reus): Actions/ words/ silence (Smith V Woking and Ireland s.39 CJA 1988)
  • MR (Mens Rea): Causes the victim to fear immediate unlawful force or recklessly
• Battery:

  • AR: Any unlawful touching (Collins V Wilcock)
  • Santana Bermudez case: D failed to inform an officer about a needle in his pocket during a search
  • MR: Intentionally or recklessly applying unlawful force
• ABH (Actual Bodily Harm):

  • AR: Assault/ battery occasioning ABH (Miller- any hurt/ injury that causes discomfort)
  • DPP v Smith case includes hair
  • MR: MR of assault or MR of battery
• GBH (Grievous Bodily Harm) without intent (s.20 OAPA 1861):

  • AR: Wounding/ inflicting GBH
  • Wounding involves breaking the skin (Eisenhower)
  • MR: Intentionally or recklessly causing some harm
• GBH/ Wounding with intent (s.18 OAPA 1861):

  • AR: Wounding/ GBH
  • MR: Intention to cause GBH/ wounding or intention to resist arrest (with foresight of some harm) can lead to life imprisonment
• Sentencing:

  • Assault: Up to 6 months (s.39 CJA 1988)
  • Battery: Up to 6 months (s.39 CJA 1988)
  • Assault/ battery occasioning ABH: Up to 5 years (s.47 OAPA 1861)
  • GBH without intent: Up to 5 years (s.20 OAPA 1861)
  • Wounding without intent: Up to 5 years (s.20 OAPA 1861)
  • GBH with intent: Up to life imprisonment (s.18 OAPA 1861)
  • Wounding with intent: Up to life imprisonment (s.18 OAPA 1861)