Endocrine system 2

• What type of gland is the pancreas?

  Mixed gland
• What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

  Digestive enzymes
• Where is the endocrine pancreas located?

  Islets of Langerhans
• What does the endocrine pancreas regulate?

  Blood sugar
• What hormone do alpha cells produce?

  Glucagon
• What is the function of glucagon?

  Raises blood glucose
• What hormone do beta cells produce?

  Insulin
• What is the function of insulin?

  Lowers blood glucose
• What hormone do delta cells produce?

  Somatostatin
• What is the function of somatostatin?

  Prevents large fluctuations
• How does insulin affect blood glucose levels?

  It lowers blood glucose
• What happens to cells in untreated diabetes mellitus?

  They become starved of glucose
• What hormones stimulate the reproductive organs?

  Gonadotrophins (FSH and LH)
• What is the predominant hormone in males?

  Testosterone
• What stimulates testosterone production in the testes?

  LH from Leydig cells
• What is the role of testosterone in males?

  Development of spermatozoa and male characteristics
• What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells in the testes?

  Estrogen
• What is the predominant hormone in females?

  Estrogen
• What produces progesterone in females?

  Corpus luteum (CL)
• What is the function of progesterone?

  Prepares and maintains pregnancy
• Where is the pineal gland located?

  Within the brain, in the epithalamus
• What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

  Melatonin
• When is melatonin production high?

  During periods of darkness
• When is melatonin production low?

  During periods of daylight
• What effect does melatonin have on the body?

  Affects moods and wake-sleep cycles
• What triggers melatonin production?

  Day length