Group 2

• What happens to first ionisation energy going down the group?

  -First IE decreases

  -Increased shielding effect and larger atomic radii therefore weaker attraction between valence electron and nucleus: these factors outweigh an increases in nuclear charge
• What happens to the melting point down the group?

  -Decreases

  -Elements become larger so valence electron is further away from the nucleus therefore a weaker attraction between nucleus and valence electron so less energy to overcome
• What happens to solubility of G2 hydroxides going down the group?

  Increases
• What happens to solubility of g2 sulfates down the group?

  Decreases
• How do group 2 metals react with water, what is the exception?

  -React more vigorously as you go down the group

  -Form G2 metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

  -When magnesium reacts with STEAM, it forms magnesium oxide (white solid) and hydrogen gas
• What are the uses of calcium?

  -Calcium hydroxide is used to neutralise soil in agriculture

  -Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate are used in sulfur scrubbing to reduce SO2 emissions (both form calcium sulfate)
• What is barium used for?

  -Barium sulfate is very insoluble so can be swallowed by a patient for x-rays and it will show up white

  -As its insoluble, it wont be absorbed by the blood stream
• What is magnesium used for?

  -Magnesium hydroxide can neutralise excess stomach acid

  -Magnesium metal is used in extraction of titanium from its ore

  -TiO2(s) + 2C(s) + 2Cl2(g) --> TiCl4(g) + 2CO(g)

  -TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l) --> Ti(s) + 2MgCl2(l)