Organic chemisty

• Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds which contain carbon, known as organic compounds.
• If you cannot get a different isomer, remove another carbon from the now longest chain and see if you can form a branch.
• Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen, many contain oxygen and some contain other elements such as nitrogen.
• Organic means the substance is derived from plants and animals.
• Natural gas is mainly methane.
• The fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas, which are formed from living organisms living in fresh water and the high temperature and pressure fossilize.
• The uses of methane are cooking and heating.
• Coal is used as fuel in power stations to generate electricity, and manufacture cement.
• Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon and it is a valuable substance because it is used as petrol in cars, trucks and planes (Kerosine).
• Oil also makes chemicals that are used to manufacture things like plastic.
• Bitumen is used for making asphalt.
• Bitumen is more dense than crude oil.
• Crude oil is separated using fractional distillation.
• The issues with hydrocarbon - fossil fuels lead to green house effect produce carbon dioxide gas therefore it gets trapped in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.
• Carbon dioxide is formed during combustion causing acid rain resulting in corrosion of building, harm aquatic life, respiratory issues and plants.
• The type of resource hydrocarbons are is finite because they will eventually run out.
• Alternatives to hydrocarbon are renewable resources.
• Crude oil is unprocessed oil taken from the ground.
• Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and different chain lengths.
• Small molecules have weaker forces.
• Intermolecular forces are the bonds that connect.
• Crude oil is heated.
• At the top of a fractional distillation column, the temperature is cooler and it has the gas.
• The hydrocarbon with the lowest boiling point will rise to the top.
• Carbon has 4 bonds.
• Carbon bonds to itself.
• Carbon can form single, double and triple bonds.
• Carbon can form branched or unbranched compounds and compounds in the form of rings.
• Because a large number of organic compounds exists they have to be put in groups or series so that they are easier to study.
• Homologous refers to a collection of compounds with the same general formula that differ only in the carbon chain length.
• Members of a series all have the same functional group.
• Structural Isomers are organic compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
• Generally, as molar mass increases, the melting point,increase boiling point and density increases.
• Members of a series show a gradual change in their physical properties as the number of Carbon atoms per molecular increases.
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons as they contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds.
• The general formula shows the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms in a compound: CnH2n+2.
• Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons as they have at least one carbon-to-carbon double bonds.
• Structural Isomerism is the occurrence of two or more organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
• Members of a series can all be prepared using the same general method.
• The molecular formula of each member of a series differs from the member directly before it or directly after it by CH2, and, therefore, by a relative molecular mass of 14.