grammar points

• mandatos informales irreguros: venir (ven) dar (di) salir (sal) hacer (haz) tener (ten) ir (ve) poner (pon) ser (sé)
• verb + más/menos que
• algo = something; anything
• alguien = someone; somebody; anyone
• alguno/a(s), algún = some; any
• o ... o = either/or
• siempre = always
• también = also; too
• nada = nothing; not anything
• nadie = no one; not anyone; nobody
• ninguno/a, ningún - no; not any; none
• ni ... ni = neither/nor
• nunca = never
• jamás = not ever
• tampoco = neither; not either
• future tense endings: -é, -ás, -á, emos, -éis, -án
• all regular verbs, regardless of ending, have the same tense markings attached to the infinitive in the future tense
• preterite -ar endings

  é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron
• preterite -er/-ir endings

  í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron
• satisfacer stem in the future tense

  satisfar-
• hacer stem in the future tense

  har-
• decir stem in the future tense

  dir-
• venir stem in the future tense

  vendr-
• valer stem in the future tense

  valdr-
• tener future tense stem

  tendr-
• salir stem in the future tense

  saldr-
• poner stem in the future tense

  pondr
• caber stem in the future tense

  cabr-
• haber future tense stem

  habr-
• poder stem future tense

  podr-
• querer future tense stem

  querr-
• saber future tense stem

  sabr-
• -car verbs be come -qué verbs in the preterite yo foorm
• -gar verbs become -gué in the preterite yo form
• -zar verbs become -cé verbs in the preterite yo form
• caer, creer, leer, & oír change the -i- to -y- in the 3rd person forms.
• verbs ending in -uir also change -i- to -y- in the 3rd person preterite forms
• andar in the preterite

  anduv-
• estar in the preterite

  estuv-
• poder in the preterite

  pud-