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Biology paper 2
reproduction
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altheaa
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Cards (49)
What are the main topics discussed in the video?
DNA
,
chromosomes
,
genes
, and
genomes
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
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What is DNA classified as?
A
polymer
made of similar
units
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How many strands does DNA have?
Two
strands
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What shape does DNA form?
A
double helix
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If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?
Over
two meters
long
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How is DNA organized in a cell?
Separated into
46
different
sections
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What are the tightly coiled sections of DNA called?
Chromosomes
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How many chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
chromosomes
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How many different types of chromosomes are there?
23
different types
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What do we call the pairs of chromosomes?
Chromosome
pairs
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What are the sex chromosomes in humans?
X and Y chromosomes
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How do chromosomes appear before cell division?
In an
X
shape
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What is a gene?
A small section of
DNA
coding for
protein
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What does a gene code for?
A particular
sequence
of
amino acids
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How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
different types
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What determines the type of cell produced?
The
proteins
the cell produces
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What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?
Hemoglobin
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What is a genome?
The entire set of
genetic
material
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How does an individual's genome compare to their parents' genomes?
More similar to parents than
strangers
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What can scientists do with the complete human genome?
Identify
genes
linked to
diseases
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What is an inherited disease?
A disease caused by inherited
genes
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How can genes affect disease risk?
They can increase the risk of
diseases
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What can doctors do by looking at genes?
Choose more
effective
treatments
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How can genomes help trace human migrations?
By showing
genetic
differences between
populations
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What is the focus of the next video?
Alleles
,
genotypes
, and
phenotypes
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What is the focus of today's video?
Different
genetic
terms
and concepts
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What is an allele?
A different version of the same
gene
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What are the differences between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant
alleles are expressed over
recessive
ones
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What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical
alleles
for a
gene
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What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different
alleles
for a
gene
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What is the relationship between genes and traits?
Genes determine the
characteristics
we develop
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How are traits determined by genes?
Some traits are determined by a
single gene
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How do multiple genes affect characteristics?
They interact to determine
traits
like height
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What is the definition of a gene?
A
segment
of DNA coding for a
protein
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What are alleles?
Different forms of the same
gene
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How many copies of each gene do we have?
Two copies, one from each
parent
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What does it mean if an organism is homozygous for an allele?
Both alleles for that
gene
are the same
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What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for an allele?
It has two different alleles for that
gene
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If a mouse is heterozygous for fur color with one allele for purple and one for green, what color will it be if purple is dominant?
It will be
purple
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See all 49 cards
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