ISBB

• Medical Technology Licensure Exam Review – Refresher Course Immunology & Serology/Blood Banking Notes by: Hu Tao, the 77th-Generation Director of the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor.
• Region of an immunoglobulin that determines whether it can fix complement is referred to as CH2.
• According to Stevens, IgG has CH2 as its region.
• The carbohydrate moiety of an immunoglobulin performs the following functions: increase the solubility of the immunoglobulin, protect against degradation, and enhance the function of the Fc portion (complement fixation).
• LISS (Low Ionic Strength Solution) is used as an enhancement media, added during the incubation phase to shorten the incubation time.
• RF titer of 40 is weakly positive.
• Acnes has been implicated in only a few cases of transfusion-related sepsis, and studies are needed to confirm its long-term safety as it has been associated with sarcoidosis.
• Each microtube of a gel card is composed of an upper reaction chamber that is wider than the tube itself and a long, narrow portion referred to as the column.
• Yves Lappierre discovered Gel technology.
• A hemagglutination test based on controlled centrifugation of RBCs through a dextran-acrylamide gel that contains predispensed reagents or no reagents at all is the principle of Gel technology.
• Gel technology is performed in a specifically designed microtube.
• A gel card measures approximately 5 × 7 cm and consists of 6 microtubes.
• IgG anti-HAV, a manifestation of immunity, peaks after the acute illness and remains detectable indefinitely, perhaps lifelong.
• Anti-SS-B/La is associated with SLE and Primary Sjogren’s syndrome, occurring in 5-10% of cases.
• Anti-SS-A/Ro is associated with SLE and photosensitivity, occurring in 10-20% of cases.
• The serum factor Anti-Sm is a highly specific marker for SLE, occurring in 7-25% of cases.
• Anti-HAV IgG indicates immunity to HAV and is detectable shortly after the onset of fever shedding, followed by the appearance of an IgM antibody within a few days.
• IgM anti-HAV is almost always detectable in patients with acute HAV.
• I antigen is not found on cord cells but is found on adult RBCs only.
• Alloantigens are antigens from the same species but different genes.
• Blood transfused should not contain abnormal hemoglobin variants.
• Blood transfused should be less than 7 days old.
• Cytokines support the maturation, differentiation, and proliferation of cells.
• Antigens from other members of the host’s species are referred to as autoantigens.
• Blood transfused should be irradiated.
• Blood transfused should have a hematocrit of >70%.
• Cytokines are early mediators/respondents during infection and stimulate the activation of the adaptive immune response.
• Heteroantigens can be from other species such as other animals, plants, or microorganisms and are referred to as heterophile antigens.
• I blood group system is associated with atypical pneumonia.
• Antigens belonging to the host should not illicit an immune response and are referred to as heteroantigens.
• Heterophile antigens are antigens that exist in unrelated plants or animals but either identical or closely related in structure and could cause cross-immunity.
• Langerhan’s Cells can be classified based on their respective locations: skin and mucus membranes, heart, lungs, kidneys, GI, liver, and 2nd lymphoid organs/lymph nodes.
• TCR is composed of CD3 and 8 non-covalent chains (alpha and beta chains).
• Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen presenting cell.
• Dendritic cells function to present antigens to T-helper cells.
• Charcot-Leyden crystals have a bipyramidal/hexagonal shape.
• Increased eosinophils indicate increased disintegration.
• Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT) is a HIV test method after the window period.
• Langerhan’s Cells are so called as they contain long membranous extensions resembling nerve cell dendrites.
• Cord blood washing is done 6-8 times.