Control

• Media/Propaganda under Lenin

  • 1917 Decree on Press - close anti revolutionary papers, state monopoly advertisement (gov approved) and nationalise telegraph agencies (control electronic Comms)
  • 1918 establish ROSTA, Izvestia, Pravda + Revolutionary Tribunnel Press (censor)
  • 1921 = 2000 newspapers + 575 printing press closed, create GPV to manage censorship
• Media/Propaganda under Stalin

  • Not allow bad news (bad weather, current events)
  • Rewrote history textbooks
  • Lenin = man of the people, Stalin = 'divine figure'
  • Trotsky and other opposition banished from the media
• Media/Propaganda under Khrushchev

  • 1950-60 TV/magazine = focus on ordinary people (e.g. Valentina Tereshkova as first woman in space, focus on her ordinary life) + Sputnik success
  • Highlight and embrace wrongs of Soviet life and respond with campaigns (e.g. raise women's rights. Campaign against 'Useless men's like drunks - Krondil cartoon = useless, hypocrite man late to parades)
• Media/propaganda under Brezhnev

  • Reintroduce internet into daily lives
  • Use media to boost motivation and focus on space successes
  • Tighter control of Afghanistan and the media
  • His frailty was exposed by the media
  • Sovietskii was popular for it's honest sports coverage
• Lenin's cult of personality

  • Hesitant to support
  • First photo of him 1918 after surviving assassination attempt
  • 'man if the people', 'hero of the revolution' + wore workers cap
  • Media used to encourage public to imitate history committment to revolution
  • Embalm his body in Red Square museum
  • Petrograd renamed Leningrad