Biology paper 2(video)

• What does homeostasis regulate?

  Internal environments or conditions
• Why is it important to keep conditions constant in organisms?

  To ensure enzymes work effectively
• What are the three conditions that need to be kept constant in humans?

  Blood glucose concentration, water levels, body temperature
• What is the normal body temperature in humans?

  37 degrees Celsius
• What is a stimulus in the context of homeostasis?

  A change in the environment
• What detects changes in the environment for homeostasis?

  Receptor cells
• What are the two types of effectors in the homeostatic process?

  Muscles and glands
• What do the five main sense organs detect?

  Light, chemicals, sound, balance, pressure
• What does the eye detect?

  Light
• What does the nose detect?

  Chemicals (smell)
• What does the tongue detect?

  Chemicals (taste)
• What do the ears detect?

  Sound and balance
• What does the skin detect?

  Pressure and temperature
• What is the central nervous system made up of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What are neurons?

  Individual nerve cells
• What is a nerve?

  A bundle of neurons
• What is the sequence of neurons in the nervous system response?

  Sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron
• What happens when cold ice cream drips onto a finger?

  The finger moves away from the ice cream
• What is a reflex action?

  An automatic and rapid response
• What is the role of the pituitary gland?

  It releases hormones to other glands
• What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

  Nervous system is fast, endocrine is slower
• What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

  Thyroxine
• What does thyroxine control?

  Basal metabolic rate and growth
• What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands?

  Adrenaline
• What does adrenaline do to the body?

  Increases heart rate and oxygen supply
• What is negative feedback in hormone regulation?

  Controls hormones to maintain constant levels
• What does the pancreas do when blood glucose levels are high?

  Releases insulin
• What happens to excess glucose in the body?

  Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
• What hormone does the pancreas produce when blood glucose levels are low?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon do in the liver?

  Turns glycogen back into glucose
• What are the two types of diabetes?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What is the cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas doesn't produce insulin
• How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

  With insulin injections before meals
• What is the main risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• How is Type 2 diabetes treated?

  With exercise and a controlled diet
• What hormone do the testes produce during puberty?

  Testosterone
• What hormone do the ovaries produce during puberty?

  Estrogen
• What does FSH stand for?

  Follicle stimulating hormone
• What does LH stimulate in the menstrual cycle?

  Release of the mature egg
• What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

  Develops uterus lining and inhibits FSH