1.2

• What is the definition of adultery?

  Sexual relations between a married person and another
• What are the legal consequences of adultery in the UK?

  Not a criminal offence but affects divorce
• In which countries is adultery illegal?

  Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
• Why does the legality of adultery vary in different cultures?

  Due to religious beliefs and women's status
• What are honour crimes?

  Crimes that bring shame to a family
• What actions can be considered honour crimes?

  Refusing arranged marriage or displeasing family
• Where do most honour crimes occur?

  South Asian and Middle Eastern families
• What is the origin of honour crimes?

  Tribal customs regarding family reputation
• What is the definition of homosexuality?

  Sexual action between people of the same sex
• When was homosexuality partially decriminalized in the UK?

  In 1967
• What is the current age of consent for homosexual relations in the UK?

  16 years
• In which countries is homosexuality illegal?

  India, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen
• Why do views on homosexuality vary across cultures?

  Due to religious beliefs and societal norms
• What is capital punishment?

  Executing someone as punishment for a crime
• How many offences could lead to capital punishment in the 18th century?

  Over 200 offences
• Why did capital punishment laws fail in the past?

  Poor people gained rights and freedoms
• What led to changes in public opinion about the death penalty?

  Cases of miscarriages of justice
• When was capital punishment abolished in the UK?

  Temporarily in 1965, fully in 1969
• What is a miscarriage of justice?

  Conviction of an innocent person
• What is the significance of the Crime and Disorder Act?

  Abolished treason as a capital offence
• What does the law against double jeopardy state?

  A court can retry a former defendant
• Why was the law against double jeopardy necessary?

  The previous law was inadequate for justice
• What is the legal status of prostitution?

  Legal, but many related activities are illegal
• Why has society's view of prostitution changed?

  Increased moral tolerance and women's status
• What does vagrancy relate to?

  Having no visible means of support
• What was the purpose of the Vagrancy Act 1824?

  To clear streets of beggars and rogues
• How have views on vagrancy changed since the 19th century?

  More sympathy and concern for vagrants
• What is the legal status of cannabis in England and Wales?

  Illegal, but calls for decriminalization exist
• How does cannabis law enforcement vary in the UK?

  According to regional police priorities
• What is jaywalking?

  Crossing without regard to traffic regulations
• Is jaywalking a crime in the UK?

  No, it is a personal responsibility
• What is female genital mutilation (FGM)?

  Procedure performed for religious and social reasons
• Why is the law surrounding FGM different in various places?

  Due to differing views and cultural standings
• What is the age of criminal responsibility in the UK?

  10 years
• How does the law apply differently based on age?

  Children under 10 cannot be prosecuted
• What is manslaughter?

  A charge with specified circumstances for murder
• What are partial defences in murder cases?

  Allow alternative charges like manslaughter
• What is self-defence in law?

  Using reasonable force to avoid conviction
• What is automatism in law?

  Defendant not in control of their actions
• What is the social construction of crime?

  It refers to how society defines crime.