Mycobacteria

• After this session, what should you be able to describe regarding mycobacteria?

  Features that contribute to epidemiology and pathology
• What should you understand about mycobacteria after this session?

  The basic pathogenesis of this bacterial family
• What should you be able to recognize regarding mycobacteria after this session?

  The key features of lesions caused
• What should you be able to identify regarding M. bovis after this session?

  Hosts of M. bovis
• What should you know about tuberculosis after this session?

  Tests to confirm diagnosis and screen animals
• What M. bovis related differences should you be able to identify after this session?

  Differences in clinical presentation and lesions
• What should you be aware of regarding tuberculosis after this session?

  Measures used to prevent spread and limitations
• Is Mycobacterium bovis the only mycobacterium?

  No
• What complex does Mycobacterium tuberculosis belong to?

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
• What are the three subspecies of the Mycobacterium avium complex listed?

  avium, hominissuis, paratuberculosis
• Name one of the mycobacteria other than tuberculosis listed.

  Mycobacterium flavescens
• What order does Mycobacterium belong to?

  Actinomycetaceae
• What family does Mycobacterium belong to?

  Mycobacteriaceae
• What genus does Mycobacterium belong to?

  Mycobacterium
• What motility level does Mycobacterium have?

  Nonmotile
• Does Mycobacterium form spores?

  No
• What type of respiration does Mycobacterium use?

  Aerobic or microaerophilic
• What shape are Mycobacterium?

  Pleomorphic coccobacilli
• What gram stain result does Mycobacterium give?

  Gram positive
• Why are Mycobacterium hard to stain?

  Due to abundant lipid
• What staining property do Mycobacterium have?

  Acid-fast
• What stain is used to identify acid-fast bacteria?

  Carbol-fuschin (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)
• What component of the bacteria allows it to resist decolourisation by acids?

  Lipid
• Why are bacteria often present in low numbers in samples?

  No information provided to answer this
• What does the thick layer of mycolic acids contribute to?

  Environmental and antimicrobial resistance
• What do glycolipids induce?

  Macrophage response
• What do glycolipids prevent?

  Lysosomal degradation
• What do glycolipids and peptidoglycan act as?

  Immune adjuvants
• What do different Mycobacteria species cause?

  Different diseases
• Which Mycobacterium species causes tuberculosis?

  1. bovis and M. tuberculosis
• Which Mycobacterium species causes Johne's disease?

  1. avium paratuberculosis
• Which Mycobacterium species causes leprosy?

  1. leprae
• Which Mycobacterium species causes 'Fish finger' disease?

  1. marinum
• Which Mycobacterium species causes M. ulcerans?


  1. ulcerans
• What type of lesions can nontuberculous species cause?

  Lymphadenitis, lung lesions, skin lesions
• What type of hosts do nontuberculous species usually affect?

  Immunocompromised hosts
• Which animal is M. avium most commonly associated with?

  Birds
• Which animals can M. avium sometimes affect?

  Cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, primates
• Which animal is M. tuberculosis mostly seen in?

  Humans
• Which animals can M. tuberculosis sometimes affect?

  Pigs, primates, dogs, cats, cattle, psittacine birds