HEAD AND NECK ASSESSMENT

• Head and Neck 


  Assessment that focuses on the cranium, face, thyroid gland, and lymph nodes.
• The head can be divided into two parts:

  • Cranium
  • Face
• The sensory organs of head and neck are:

  • Eyes
  • Ears
  • Nose
  • Mouth
• Cranium


  Houses abd protects the brain and major sensory organs
• Cranium consists of eight bones:

  • Frontal(1)
  • Parietal(2)
  • Temporal(2)
  • Occipital(1)
  • Ethmoid(1)
  • Sphenoid(1)
• In adult client, the cranial bones are joined together by immovable sutures:

  • Sagittal suture
  • Coronal suture
  • Squamosal suture
  • Lamboid suture
• Face consist of 14 bones

  • Maxilla (2)
  • Zygomatic (2)
  • Inferior conchae (2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (2)
  • Palatine (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Mandible (1)
• Mandible


  All facial are movable except for the?
• The arteries that are located between the eye and top of the ear:

  • Temporal artery
• Parotid gland


  Largest salivary gland and located on each side of the face, anterior and inferior to the ears, behind the mandible.
• Submandibular gland


  Second largest salivary gland, and located inferior to the mandible, underneath the base of the tongue.
• The structure of the neck is composed of:

  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Cervical vertebrae
• Two paired muscles of the neck that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck:

  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Trapezius
• Sternocleidomastoid


  Rotates and flexes the head
• Trapezius


  Extends the head and moves the shoulders
• The eleventh cranial nerve is responsible for muscle movement that permits shrugging of shoulders by the trapezius muscles and turning the head against the resistance of sternocleidomastoid:

  • Spinal accessory nerve
• Blood vessels that are located bilaterally, parallel and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscles:

  • Internal jugular veins
  • Carotid arteries
• Thyroid gland


  • The largest endocrine and in the body
  • It also produces thyroid hormones that increases the metabolic rate of most body cells
• Trachea


  This is where the air enters the lungs, is composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
• Cricoid Cartilage


  The first upper tracheal ring is called?
• Hyoid bone


  Attached to the tongue, lies above the thyroid cartilage and under the mandible
• Lymph nodes produces this as a defense against invasion by foreign substances assisting with the body's immunity:

  • Lymphocytes
  • Antibodies
• Lymph Nodes


  Located in the head neck and filter lymph