A1: definitions of health, ill health, stress and addiction

• Biomedical

  • Health/ill health= physical or biological factors
  • illness=physical disease diagnosed by doctor from symptoms treated with physical methods eg drugs and surgery to address physical and biological cause
  • health= absence of illness-> free from disease pain and disability
  • aim of treatment=return to pre illness condition not to enhance health
  • focus on biological, not psychological or social causes
  • assocaited with medical science and tech
  • western ideaologies
• biospychosocial

  • health/illness= several interacting factors
  • treatment takes all factors into account
  • aims to enhance persons health, not just making them ‘not ill’
  • focus on prevention->development of edu programmes= promote healthy lifestyles
  • effective for psychological disorders
  • more to mental health than just bio factors
  • less reductionistic
• health as a continuum

  • health exists on a scale and varies between two extremes
  • over time can be v healthy v ill or anywhere in between for both physical and mental health
  • good health=functioning well in all or most factors
  • poor health= more than just physical disease, may exp severe stress ad difficulties in their life
• stress

  • emotional response to threats(stressors)
  • body produces response based on perceived ability to cope eg increased heart rate, nausea
• stressors

  • threats->stress
  • physical=overcrowding, temperature
  • psychological= exams major life events, daily hassles, work place, own personality
• Perceived ability to cope

  • exp of stress depends on how u think bout it and ability to cope with it
  • stress happens when perceived demands of environment>perceived ability to cope
• Physiological addiction

  • effect on body-> withdrawals and tolerance
  • withdrawals=symptoms developing when substance/beh stops
  • physical= craving headaches nausea loss of appetite
  • psychological=irritability low mood
  • tolerance= reduction in response to a drug=need more=same effect
• behavioural addiction

  • compulsively repeating beh
  • produces physical effect, inc tolerance and withdrawal
• Griffith 6 components of addiction

  1. physical and psychological dependance(salience)

  • impossible to live w/o substance or beh
  • dominates life, constantly thinking bout it
  • neglect other beh and functioning deteriorates
  • When not engaging in addiction-> craving it
• Griffith 6 components of addiction

  2)tolerance

  • indv needs higher doses of substance/beh to achieve original effects at lower dose
• Griffith 6 components of addiction

  3)withdrawal

  • symptoms occur when substance/beh =no longer taken
  • physical=headaches, nausea, loss of appetite, insomnia
  • psychological=irritability and low mood
• griffiths 6 components of addiction

  4) relapse

  • goes back to earlier dependant beh patterns after giving them up
  • can happen anytime, even after long period of abstinence
• Griffith 6 components of addiction

  5)conflict

  • Interpersonal= between addicted person and other people
  • addict chooses short term pleasurable and ignores consequences of beh->conflict in relationships etc.
  • intrapersonal= within addicted individual
  • person exp loss of control bc they want to stop damaging beh but can’t
• Griffith 6 components of addiction

  6)mood alteration

  • substance/beh produces + or - exp which are diff for each person and time of day
  • high/buzz/rush/relaxation/numbness