biological molecules

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• All three categories contain carbon and are described as organic molecules.
• Most of the molecules in living organisms fall into three categories: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
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• Prokaryotic organisms also share common features such as having a cell wall and flagellum.
• Eukaryotic organisms share common features such as having a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall.
• The characteristics of living organisms include the ability to grow, reproduce, metabolize, and respond to stimuli.
• Pathogens are a type of organism that causes disease.
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• Fertilisation in plants involves the fusion of gametes, which results in the formation of a zygote.
• Cloning to produce human proteins is an example of genetic modification.
• Monohybrid inheritance: genetic diagrams and family pedigrees are important concepts in genetics.
• Human reproductive systems involve the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle, the roles of FSH and LH, the role of the placenta, implantation and development of the foetus, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
• Asexual plant reproduction involves the formation of new plants from existing ones without the need for fertilisation.
• Key terms in genetics are important concepts in genetics.
• Stages of protein synthesis are important concepts in genetics.
• Mutation is an important concept in genetics.
• Variation with a species is an important concept in genetics.
• Diploid and haploid are important concepts in genetics.
• Conditions for germination are necessary for the growth of seeds.
• Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is an important concept in genetics.
• Food production involves crop plants grown in glasshouses or polythene tunnels, increasing carbon dioxide and temperature, and the use of fertiliser and pest control.
• Selective breeding is used in plants and animals.