biological molecules

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diy 128

Cards (27)

what are the three types of biological molecules
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
what are lipids made of? include subunits as well
1x glycerol and 3x fatty acids
What elements make up proteins?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What elements make up carbohydrates? 
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What elements make up lipids?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What subunits make up proteins?
amino acids
what subunits make up starch? 
maltose
what enzyme breaks down starch? 
amylase
what subunits make up maltose? 
glucose
what enzyme breaks down maltose?
maltase
what enzyme breaks down lipids?
lipase
What enzyme breaks down proteins?
protease
what are the two types protease?
pepsin and trypsin
what is the pH of protease in the stomach? 
2
What is the pH of amylase (and most enzymes) ? 
7
what are enzymes?
biological catalysts
what are catalysts?
substances that speed up chemical reactions
why do we need enzymes to Iive?
the reactions in our bodies would be too slow to support life
what are enzymes made out of?
proteins - long chains of amino acids
disaccharides are formed by two monosaccharide units joined together
monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate units
polysaccharides are formed from many monosaccharide units joined together
enzymes are specific. only substrate molecules with the correct complemenary shape can fit into the enzyme. the important part of an enzyme Is called the active site. this is where the substrate molecules bind to the enzyme and the reaction occurs. when the enzyme binds to the substrate it its called enzyme substrate complex. when the reaction is complete, products are released and the enzyme can be re-used in another reaction
what is the active site?
where substrate molecules binds with enzyme
when the enzyme binds to the substrate, its called the enzyme-substrate complex
when the enzyme reaction in complete, the substrate splits into the smaller molecules called products
after the reaction the enzyme can then be re-used