Sexuality

• Prove homosexuality is relative to time:


  Used to be illegal in UK
• Prove homosexuality is relative to culture: 


  Punishable by death penalty in UAE
• What did Weeks say ab. sexual identity being complex?


  Ppl could engage in same-sex sexual activities and still identify as heterosexual.
• How did Reiss corroborate Week's argument that sexual identity is complex?

  • Studied young male prostitutes
  • Found that although they had sex w/ M - still identified as het.
  • Hated M for neutralising their identity
• How do peer groups affect sexual identity?

  Sue Lees - 'Slags' & 'Drags': Sexually available girls labelled 'slags'
• How does religion affect sexual identity?

  • Religious beliefs can create sanctions ➡️ negative sexual identity
  • Polices female sexuality
• How does family affect sexual identity?

  Judith Butler - Gender AND sexual identity is learned + maintained by repetition, and they first learn this within the family
• How does media affect sexual identity?

  • Homosexuality is portrayed negatively
  • Media upholds hegemonic masculinity + emphasises heterosexual ideas - Mulvey's 'male gaze'
• Changing sexual identities: When was homosexuality legalised?

  1967
• Changing sexual identities: What did the Equality Act 2010 do?


  Criminalised discriminating against someone based on their sexuality.
• Changing sexual identities: When did the first same-sex marriages happen after they were first legalised in July 2013?


  March 2014
• What did McIntosh say ab. sexual identity?


  • Being homo in Western societies has cultural expectations
  • e.g. Higher-pitched voice, effeminate manner
  • Once ppl accept this label, they fulfil the behaviour
• What did Plummer say ab. sexual identity?


  • Homosexuality is a process
  • Ppl who've accepted the homo label go out and seek others to form a subculture where homo behaviour is the norm
• What did Dyer say ab. sexual identity in the media?


  Heterosexuality is presented as the norm in most media & LGBTQ+ identities are invisible
• What did Stonewall say ab. sexual identity in the media?



  LGBTQ+ community are symbolically annihilated.