kinetics

Cards (27)

  • kinetics studies the rate of reactions
  • the rate of disappearance is negative
  • average reaction rate=△C/△t
  • rate of appearance is positive
  • concentration of a reactant or product can be plotted as a function of time
  • a secant line is a line that intersects two points on a curve. It provides the average rate of disappearance of the nucleus
  • the instantaneous reaction rate is the rate of reaction at a particular point in time
  • fission: splitting an atom into two smaller atoms
  • Fusion: combining two small nuclei into one big nucleus
  • Collision Theory: The particles collide with each other and the energy is transferred to the particles.
  • chemical system consists of particles that are in constant motion
  • an effective collision has sufficient energy and correct orientation
  • ineffective collision involves particles that rebound from the collision
  • the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions
  • rate=frequency of collisions x fractions that are effective
  • activation energy: the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur, usually in the form of a catalyst
  • Factors that affect the rate of a reaction: nature of reactants, concentration, surface area, temperature, catalyst
  • heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase than the reactants
  • homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants
  • Simple Reactions: consists of one elementary step which involves 1, 2 or 3 particle collisions
  • Complex reactions: consist of more than one elementary steps involving many particles
  • the steps that make up a reaction is known as the mechanism
  • an intermediate does not qualify as a product or reactant, but is consumed or formed
  • rate determining step: The slowest step of the reaction
  • molecularity: used to indicate the number of reactant molecules
  • bimolecular: two reactants are involved
  • unimolecular: only one reactant is involved