Second Line of Defense

• When pathogens penetrate the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes, they encounter a SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE.
• What are the 5 Second Line of Defense?

  Antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.
• What are the 4 antimicrobial substances in the 2nd line of defense?

  Interferons, Complement system, Iron-binding proteins, Antimicrobial proteins.
• Interferons: Produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts infected with viruses
• Interferons: Diffuse to uninfected cells where they induce synthesis of antiviral proteins that interfere with viral replication
• Complement system: Causes CYTOLYSIS] (bursting) of microbes, promotes phagocytosis and contributes to inflammation
• Iron-binding proteins: Inhibit the growth of certain bacteria by reducing the amount of available iron.
• What are the 4 examples of iron-binding proteins?

  Transferrin, lactoferrin, ferritin, and hemoglobin
• Antimicrobial proteins: SHORT PEPTIDES that have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
• What are the 4 examples of antimicrobial proteins?

  dermicidin, defensins, cathelicidins, and thrombocidin