psychodynamic approach

• Who is the psychologist most people can name?

  Sigmund Freud
• What is Freud's approach to psychology called?

  Psychodynamics
• Why were Freud's theories influential despite being rejected by most psychologists?

  They shaped later theories and approaches
• What popular form of counseling did Freud develop?

  Psychotherapy
• What does the conscious mind include according to Freud?

  Thoughts, ideas, decisions, and emotions
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts not currently aware but retrievable
• What is the largest part of the mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• How does the unconscious mind influence behavior?

  It drives conscious behavior and shapes personality
• What is psychic determinism?

  The unconscious shaping of behavior
• What are the three defense mechanisms mentioned?

  Repression, denial, and displacement
• What is the ID known as?

  The pleasure principle
• What does the ego do?

  Controls ID demands and mediates behavior
• At what age does the super ego begin to form?

  Around 3 years old
• What is the super ego known as?

  The morality principle
• How does Freud explain criminal behavior?

  Due to a weak or deviant super ego
• What does the iceberg metaphor illustrate in Freud's theory?

  • Visible part: conscious mind
  • Just below surface: preconscious mind
  • Hidden part: unconscious mind
  • Unconscious drives behavior
• What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud?

  Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
• What is the conflict in the oral stage?

  Weaning from breastfeeding
• What can fixation at the oral stage lead to?

  Immature personality traits
• What is the anal stage associated with?

  Potty training
• What does anal-retentive personality result from?

  Strict potty training
• What complex do boys experience in the phallic stage?

  The Oedipus complex
• What is castration anxiety?

  Fear of losing one's genitals
• What do girls experience according to Freud in the phallic stage?

  Penis envy
• What happens in the latency stage?

  Sexual energy is repressed
• What is the final stage of psychosexual development?

  The genital stage
• What is the role of defense mechanisms?

  To manage unresolvable conflicts
• What is denial as a defense mechanism?

  Refusing to accept reality
• What is displacement?

  Shifting emotions to a weaker target
• What is repression?

  Forgetting unpleasant memories
• Why are Freud's ideas still taught today?

  • Historical influence on psychology
  • Concepts of early childhood impact
  • Introduction of the unconscious mind
• What is a criticism of Freud's scientific credibility?

  His ideas lack empirical support
• What is a famous case study used to support Freud's theories?

  Little Hans
• How does Freud explain criminality?

  Through super ego development issues
• What is falsifiability in scientific theories?

  The ability to prove a theory wrong
• What are the strengths of psychoanalysis?

  • Effective long-term therapy
  • Validity of underlying ideas
  • Historical significance in psychology
• What are the weaknesses of Freud's theories?

  • Lack of scientific credibility
  • Biased interpretations
  • Difficulty in testing theories