cognitive approach

• What is a phone essentially described as in the text?

  A portable computer
• What are the inputs of a phone compared to human inputs?

  Camera and microphone; eyes and ears
• What is the physical component of a phone that processes information?

  The CPU (central processing unit)
• What is the equivalent physical component in humans that processes information?

  The brain
• What type of applications are YouTube and similar apps considered?

  Programs designed by computer programmers
• What is the basis of cognitive neuroscience?

  Connection between cognitive processes and brain activity
• What are the defining characteristics of cognitive psychology?

  • Behavior results from internal mental processes
  • Focus on studying these internal processes
  • Common research areas: attention, perception, memory
• Why is memory emphasized in cognitive psychology discussions?

  It is a major unit of study at A-level
• How do cognitive psychologists ensure control in their research?

  By conducting highly controlled experiments
• What is a limitation of studying internal mental processes?

  They cannot be directly observed
• What is the problem with making inferences in cognitive psychology?

  Inferences can be mistaken guesses
• What does Miller's classic research study focus on?

  Capacity of short-term memory
• What is the main similarity between a computer and the human brain?

  They both have inputs and outputs
• How do cognitive psychologists study internal mental processes?

  They make inferences based on observed behavior
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework of basic knowledge about a concept
• How do schemas help us process information quickly?

  They allow us to categorize and make predictions about the world
• How can faulty schemas lead to inaccurate eyewitness testimony?

  Leading questions can alter a person's memory based on their schemas
• What are the three negative schemas that can contribute to depression according to Beck?

  Negative views of self, the world, and the future
• How do computer models differ from theoretical models used in cognitive psychology?

  Computer models are overly simplistic, while theoretical models are flowcharts of mental processes
• How has the development of brain scanning techniques contributed to cognitive neuroscience?

  It allows researchers to observe brain activity during cognitive tasks in real-time
• How does the cognitive approach differ from the biological approach in terms of the free will-determinism debate?

  Cognitive psychologists argue for soft determinism, allowing for some individual control over behavior
• How does the cognitive approach have real-life applications?

  • Understanding of schemas has led to the development of CBT
  • Knowledge of inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony has informed legal procedures
  • Research in cognitive neuroscience has helped develop treatments for neurological disorders and inform AI development
• What are the strengths and limitations of the cognitive approach?

  Strengths:

  • Highly scientific with controlled experiments
  • Able to study internal mental processes not accessible to other approaches
  • Provides objective biological evidence through cognitive neuroscience

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Inferences about internal processes can be mistaken
  • Research often uses artificial tasks not representative of real-life
  • Overly simplistic computer models of the mind