cognitive explanations of offending

• Who is the main character in the scenario?

  Hannah
• What illness was Emmy diagnosed with?

  A rare type of cancer
• What is the name of the drug invented by the pharmacist?

  Psycbustium
• How much did it cost to make Psycbustium?

  200 pounds
• What price did the pharmacist sell Psycbustium for?

  2,000 pounds
• How much money did Hannah manage to raise for the drug?

  1,000 pounds
• What action did Hannah take when fundraising failed?

  She broke into the pharmacy and stole the drug
• What moral dilemma is presented in Hannah's situation?

  Whether stealing the drug was right or wrong
• What does Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning suggest?

  • Three levels of moral development
  • Progression leads to more mature reasoning
  • Most criminals remain at the pre-conventional level
• What are the two stages of the pre-conventional level?

  Punishment orientation and reward orientation
• What characterizes the punishment orientation stage?

  Behavior is based on avoiding trouble
• What defines the reward orientation stage?

  Behavior is based on maximizing rewards
• What are the characteristics of the conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?

  • Focus on personal relationships
  • Consideration of societal norms
  • Less likely to engage in criminal behavior
• What is the focus of the fourth stage of the conventional level?

  Social obedience, valuing law and order
• What is the focus of the third stage of the conventional level?

  Good intention stage, worrying about others' opinions
• What does the social contract view stage emphasize?

  Laws should benefit society's members
• What are the two stages of the post-conventional level?

  • Social contract view
  • Universal ethics
• What is cognitive distortion in the context of criminal behavior?

  • Misunderstanding reality
  • Justifying criminal acts
  • Examples include hostile attribution bias and minimization
• What is hostile attribution bias?

  Assuming negative intentions from others
• What is the focus of the universal ethics stage?

  True nature of justice and morality
• What does minimization refer to in criminal behavior?

  Seeing one's actions as less serious
• What support exists for Kohlberg's ideas?

  • Study by Holland and Palmer
  • Found lower moral reasoning in delinquents
• What is a limitation of Kohlberg's research?

  Based on hypothetical dilemma questions
• What is a criticism regarding gender bias in Kohlberg's theory?

  Used an all-male sample for development
• What did Gilligan suggest about Kohlberg's work?

  It focuses on a male ideal of justice
• How can understanding cognitive processes help reduce crime?

  • Develop cognitive behavioral programs
  • Challenge irrational thinking
  • Implement anger management programs
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned at the end?

  To provide forensic exam question practice
• What resources are available for Patreon supporters?

  Bonus resources and tutorial videos
• What is the website mentioned for additional resources?

  Psychboost.com