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BIOLOGY SCIENCE
inheritance, variation & evolution
DNA
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erin
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Cards (39)
What are the main topics discussed in the video?
DNA
,
chromosomes
,
genes
, and genomes
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
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What is DNA made of?
It is a
polymer
of similar
units
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How many strands does DNA have?
Two
strands
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What shape does DNA form?
A
double helix
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If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?
Over
two meters
long
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How is DNA organized in a cell?
Separated into
46
different
sections
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What do we call the tightly coiled sections of DNA?
Chromosomes
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How many chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
chromosomes
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How many different types of chromosomes are there?
23
different types
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What is unique about the 23rd pair of chromosomes?
They are the
sex chromosomes
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What chromosomes do women have?
Two
X
chromosomes
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What chromosomes do men have?
One
X
and one
Y
chromosome
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When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?
Just before
cell division
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What is a gene?
A small section of
DNA
coding for
protein
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What does a gene code for?
A particular sequence of
amino acids
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How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
different types
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How does DNA influence cell type?
It determines which
proteins
are produced
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What protein do red blood cells need?
Hemoglobin
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What is a genome?
The entire set of
genetic
material
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How does an individual's genome compare to others?
It differs from
strangers
but is similar to
parents
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What can scientists do with the complete human genome?
Identify
genes
linked to
diseases
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What is an inherited disease?
A disease caused by inherited
genes
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How can genes affect disease risk?
They can increase the risk of
certain
diseases
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What can doctors do by looking at genes?
Choose more
effective
treatments
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How can genomes help trace human migrations?
By showing
genetic differences
between
populations
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What is the next topic to be discussed in the following video?
Alleles
,
genotypes
, and
phenotypes
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What is the focus of today's video?
Different
genetic
terms
related to
DNA
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What is an allele?
A different version of the same
gene
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What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant
alleles are
expressed
over
recessive
ones
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What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical
alleles
for a
gene
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What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different
alleles
for a
gene
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What is a genotype?
The entire collection of
alleles
an
organism
has
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What is a phenotype?
The characteristics derived from an organism's
genotype
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If a mouse is heterozygous for fur color with one allele for purple and one for green, what color will it be if purple is dominant?
It will be
purple
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How does a homozygous recessive mouse differ from a heterozygous mouse in terms of fur color?
A homozygous recessive mouse is
green
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What must be true for a mouse to have a green fur color?
It must be
homozygous recessive
for green fur
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Why do heterozygous and homozygous dominant mice have the same phenotype?
Both express the dominant
purple
color
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What will the next video cover?
Genetic diagrams
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