localisation of brain function

• What is the weight of the human brain mentioned?

  1.4 kilograms
• What does the brain allow us to do?

  Move, understand language, remember, plan
• What is localization of function in the brain?

  Behavioral functions are localized to brain regions
• What are the six regions of the brain that demonstrate localization of function?

  • Visual cortex
  • Motor cortex
  • Somatosensory cortex
  • Auditory cortex
  • Broca's area
  • Wernicke's area
• Which hemisphere is Broca's area generally located in?

  Left hemisphere
• What is contralateral processing in the brain?

  Right hemisphere controls left side of body
• What is the thickness of the cortex in humans?

  Between 2 and 4 millimeters
• What is the visual cortex responsible for?

  Processing visual information
• What happens if the visual cortex is damaged?

  Can cause partial or complete blindness
• Where is the motor cortex located?

  In the frontal lobe
• What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

  Detects sensations from the opposite body side
• What can damage to the somatosensory cortex lead to?

  Loss of sensation from the opposite side
• What is neglect syndrome?

  Ignoring areas of the body due to damage
• What is agnosia?

  Inability to recognize objects by feeling
• Where is the auditory cortex located?

  Top of the temporal lobe
• What can damage to the auditory cortex lead to?

  Can lead to deafness
• What is Broca's area responsible for?

  Speech production
• What is Broca's aphasia?

  Difficulty in producing fluent speech
• What is Wernicke's area associated with?

  Understanding spoken language
• What is Wernicke's aphasia?

  Difficulty in understanding language
• What happens when both Broca's and Wernicke's areas are damaged?

  Leads to global aphasia
• What are the strengths and limitations of localization of function based on case studies?

  Strengths:

  • Evidence from clinical case studies
  • Specific brain areas linked to functions

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Damage may affect multiple areas
  • Modern scans show more complexity
• What did Lashley's 1925 study suggest about brain function?

  Functions are spread out across the brain
• What is hemispheric lateralization?

  Different functions are specialized in hemispheres
• What does the sensory homunculus represent?

  • 3D model of body perception
  • Different body areas occupy different space
  • Reflects sensory and motor processing needs
• What is the primary function of the visual cortex?

  Visual processing
• How does the brain's cortex appear?

  Thin, folded, and grey matter
• What is the difference between grey matter and white matter?

  Grey matter has cell bodies; white matter has axons
• What is the role of the central sulcus?

  Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?

  Visual processing center
• What can result from damage to the motor cortex?

  Loss of fine muscle function or paralysis
• What is the relationship between the motor cortex and body movement?

  Plans and carries out voluntary movements
• What is the role of the auditory cortex?

  Receives auditory sensations from ears
• What is the significance of the case study of patient Tan?

  Demonstrated Broca's area function
• What does damage to Broca's area lead to?

  Difficulty in producing fluent speech
• What does damage to Wernicke's area lead to?

  Difficulty in understanding spoken language
• What is the impact of damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  Inability to produce or understand speech
• What does modern research suggest about language processing in the brain?

  Language functions are more distributed and complex
• What is the significance of the sensory homunculus model?

  It shows how body areas require different processing
• What does the term "functional abilities" refer to in the context of brain damage?

  Loss of abilities like speech and memory