depression: explaining and treating

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher rate of depression symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the percentage of women aged 16 to 29 experiencing depressive symptoms?

  Over 4 in 10
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned in the text?

  To teach principles of depression
• What does the video suggest about seeking support?

  Knowledge is power, but seek other resources
• What cognitive concept will be discussed in the video?

  Schemas
• What does the cognitive approach suggest about depression?

  It is due to problems in internal mental processes
• How are schemas defined in the context of cognitive psychology?

  Mental frameworks built from experience
• How do schemas help individuals navigate the world?

  They provide mental shortcuts for understanding
• What can negative schemas lead to?

  Biases about oneself and life events
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  Self, world, and future schemas
• What negative beliefs do self-schemas involve?

  Feeling inadequate or unworthy
• How do negative schemas affect behavior?

  They lead to avoidance and withdrawal
• What is cognitive distortion according to Beck?

  Faulty negative thinking patterns
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortion?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What does selective abstraction involve?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, belief, consequence
• What does the 'A' in the ABC model represent?

  Activating event
• How do beliefs differ between those with and without depression?

  Beliefs can be rational or irrational
• What is 'masturbatory thinking' according to Ellis?

  Not accepting we don't live in a perfect world
• What are the three musts that hold us back according to Ellis?

  I must do well, you must treat me well, the world must be easy
• What does research suggest about negative thinking and depression?

  Negative thinking styles increase depression risk
• What did March's study find about CBT and drug therapy?

  Both had an effectiveness rate of 81%
• What is a potential issue with CBT for severely depressed patients?

  They may lack motivation for engagement
• What is a criticism of CBT regarding client responsibility?

  It can be seen as victim blaming
• What is a limitation of both CBT and REBT?

  They may overlook past trauma experiences
• What is a criticism of the focus of CBT and REBT?

  They may not address social problems
• What is a cost consideration for CBT compared to drug therapy?

  CBT is significantly more expensive
• Why might patients prefer drug treatments over CBT?

  Due to lack of side effects
• What is a long-term benefit of CBT?

  People can return to work productively
• What are the key components of Beck's Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

  • Patient acts as a scientist
  • Tests hypotheses about thoughts
  • Identifies irrational thoughts
  • Uses diary for negative thought tracking
  • Engages in behavioral activation
• What are the key components of Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

  • ABC model: Activating event, Belief, Consequence
  • Adds D for Dispute and E for Effect
  • Therapist confronts irrational beliefs
  • Empirical and logical arguments used
  • Includes shame attacking exercises
• Compare Beck's CBT and Ellis's REBT in their approach to irrational thoughts.

  • Beck: Patient discovers irrationality
  • Ellis: Therapist directly confronts beliefs
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive therapies for depression?

  Strengths:

  • Effective in treating depression
  • Empowers clients with tools
  • Addresses root causes

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Can be expensive
  • May overlook past trauma
  • Risk of victim blaming
• What does research suggest about the effectiveness of combined treatments for depression?

  • Combined CBT and drug therapy is most effective
  • Effectiveness rate of 86% with combination
• What role does the therapist play in CBT?

  • Provides tools for clients
  • Guides clients in addressing thoughts
  • Encourages active participation
• What is the significance of homework tasks in CBT?

  • Helps identify negative thoughts
  • Encourages real-life application
  • Aids in hypothesis testing
• What is the purpose of shame attacking exercises in REBT?

  • Helps clients confront fears
  • Demonstrates coping with disapproval
  • Reduces fear of judgment
• What is the impact of negative schemas on adult life?

  • Leads to persistent biases
  • Affects perception of reality
  • Influences emotional responses