animal studies (Lorenz and Harlow)

• What do some psychologists study in animal behavior?

  Why animals act the way they do
• Why is animal research useful for studying human behavior?

  Studies on animals are often not possible on humans
• What are the ethical concerns regarding animal research?

  Different mental experiences of animals and humans
• Who are the two influential researchers mentioned regarding attachment?

  Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow
• What did Konrad Lorenz investigate?

  Imprinting in graylag geese
• What behavior is commonly seen in young ducklings?

  Following their mother around the pond
• How did Lorenz test imprinting in geese?

  By hatching eggs in different conditions
• What did Lorenz find about goslings hatched by their mother?

  They followed her closely
• What is the critical period for imprinting in goslings?

  32 hours after hatching
• What does Lorenz's work suggest about attachment behavior in birds?

  It has a biological basis and is vision-based
• What theory did Harry Harlow's experiment test?

  The learning theory of attachment
• What did Harlow's experiment involve?

  Infant monkeys and surrogate mothers
• What were the two types of surrogate mothers in Harlow's experiment?

  Wire mother with milk and cloth mother
• What did Harlow find about the monkeys' preferences?

  They preferred the cloth mother for comfort
• What did Harlow's experiment reveal about attachment?

  Attachment is based on comfort, not just food
• What long-term problems did Harlow's monkeys face?

  Issues interacting with other monkeys
• What did Bowlby argue about human infants?

  They crave comfort from their mothers
• What is the critical period for human infants to form attachments according to Bowlby?

  6 to 30 months
• How does human recovery from deprivation differ from goslings?

  Humans have a sensitive period, not critical
• What practical applications arose from Harlow and Lorenz's work?

  Improved infant care policies
• What ethical concerns are associated with Harlow's research?

  It caused suffering to primates
• How did Harlow's research impact psychology's reputation?

  It harmed the reputation with the public
• What is a key point about ethical evaluations in research?

  Unethical studies can still yield valid data