influence of early attachment

• How do early relationships with parents influence future relationships?

  They can prepare or doom individuals to poor relationships
• What can be investigated to see if early attachment influences relationships?

  Comparing attachment styles in infancy and later
• What is the continuity hypothesis?

  Future relationships follow patterns from infancy
• What are the attachment styles identified by Ainsworth?

  Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant
• What does the internal working model include?

  Expectations about trust and affection in relationships
• How does a secure attachment in infancy affect adult relationships?

  It leads to better social abilities in adulthood
• What is Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory?

  Disrupted care leads to social and emotional difficulties
• What did Hazan and Shaver's love quiz study find about adult attachment styles?

  56% secure, 25% avoidant, 19% anxious
• What correlation did Hazan and Shaver find in their research?

  Between adult attachment style and infant attachment type
• What did McCarthy's study reveal about insecure infants?

  They had poor romantic relationships as adults
• How does parenting style influence children's relationships?

  Low warmth and high neglect link to bullying
• What did Verissimo's study find about fathers' roles?

  Good early relationships with fathers lead to more friends
• What are the practical applications of understanding early attachment's influence on relationships?

  • Influences early years education
  • Helps reduce bullying and loneliness
  • Promotes relationship stability in adulthood
  • Can reduce costs related to family breakdown
• What is a criticism of research linking early and later attachments?

  It relies on correlational data, not causation
• What is a potential issue with self-report methods in attachment research?

  Participants may inaccurately recall their relationships
• What is Kagan's temperament hypothesis?

  Babies have inherited high or low reactive temperaments
• How does the continuity hypothesis view relationship styles?

  It suggests they are deterministic and repeatable
• What are the implications of the continuity hypothesis for personal relationships?

  • Suggests relationships are predetermined
  • Indicates difficulty in changing relationship patterns
  • Highlights the importance of early attachment experiences