improving EWT accuracy

• What is the purpose of the cognitive interview?

  To improve accuracy of eyewitness testimony
• What are some limitations of eyewitness testimony?

  Anxiety, misleading information, post-event contamination
• Who studied witness interview techniques in Florida?

  Fisher
• What did Fisher observe in the standard interview?

  Witnesses faced closed questions and interruptions
• What is one feature of the cognitive interview?

  Context reinstatement
• What does context reinstatement involve?

  Mentally returning to the crime scene
• Why is 'report everything' important in the cognitive interview?

  It encourages recall of all details, even irrelevant ones
• What does recalling from a changed perspective aim to do?

  Disrupt the witness's schema to reduce bias
• How does recalling in reverse order help the cognitive interview?

  It disrupts the witness's expected chronology
• What is an enhanced version of the cognitive interview?

  It includes additional suggestions for comfort
• What did Fisher's field research find about the cognitive interview?

  Cognitive interview trained detectives gained more information
• What did Kroken's meta-analysis reveal about the cognitive interview?

  It increased recall of accurate information
• What was the accuracy rate for the cognitive interview according to Kroken's study?

  85% accuracy
• What did Mine and Bull's study find about the cognitive interview instructions?

  No difference between each instruction's effectiveness
• Which combination of cognitive interview aspects increased recall?

  Context reinstatement and report everything
• What is a limitation of the cognitive interview in real-world applications?

  It takes time and requires trained officers
• Why might police forces hesitate to use the cognitive interview?

  It requires financial resources and time
• What is a weakness of the cognitive interview regarding identity parades?

  It is not effective for identifying subjects
• What modified version of the cognitive interview was developed for young children?

  Modified cognitive interview by Holiday
• For which age group was the modified cognitive interview shown to be effective?

  Four to five year olds
• What should you do if you want to improve eyewitness testimony accuracy?

  Implement the cognitive interview techniques
• What are the four defining features of the cognitive interview?

  1. Context reinstatement
  2. Report everything
  3. Recall from a changed perspective
  4. Recall in reverse order
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive interview?

  Strengths:

  • Increases amount of information recalled
  • High validity from real case studies

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-consuming
  • Requires trained officers
  • Not effective for identity parades