self-report techniques

• What self-report techniques are covered in the video?

  Questionnaires and interviews
• What is a self-report technique?

  A method where participants reveal personal information
• What is an interview in the context of self-report techniques?

  A real-time conversation with a researcher
• How does a questionnaire differ from an interview?

  A questionnaire uses pre-prepared questions sent to participants
• What type of data do open questions provide?

  Qualitative data in the form of words
• What is a closed question?

  A question with limited response options
• What type of data do closed questions yield?

  Quantitative data in the form of numbers
• Why might researchers prefer closed questions over open questions?

  They allow easier comparison of responses
• What is the purpose of filler questions in research?

  To ease participants before difficult questions
• What is a leading question?

  A question that suggests how to respond
• What does piloting a questionnaire involve?

  Testing it with a few participants first
• What are the three types of interviews mentioned?

  Structured, unstructured, and semi-structured
• What characterizes a structured interview?

  It follows a fixed list of questions
• What is an advantage of structured interviews?

  They are easier to compare across participants
• What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?

  They cannot explore interesting points further
• What defines an unstructured interview?

  It is a free-flowing informal conversation
• What is a key advantage of unstructured interviews?

  They allow for developing rapport with participants
• What is a disadvantage of unstructured interviews?

  They require a highly trained interviewer
• What is a semi-structured interview?

  A mix of prepared and spontaneous questions
• What is a strength of semi-structured interviews?

  They allow for both fixed and new questions
• What is a weakness of self-report techniques?

  They can suffer from social desirability bias
• What is acquiescence bias?

  When participants agree with all questions
• How can researchers check for acquiescence bias?

  By asking similar questions in opposite phrasing
• What is a strength of interviews compared to questionnaires?

  Interviewers can rephrase difficult questions
• What is a disadvantage of interviews?

  They require a highly trained interviewer
• What are interviewer effects?

  Influences on responses based on interviewer characteristics
• How can the characteristics of an interviewer affect responses?

  They can lead to different responses from participants
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of self-report techniques?

  Strengths:

  • Easy to replicate
  • Allows for detailed participant information
  • Combines open and closed questions for data analysis

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Susceptible to social desirability bias
  • Potential for dishonest responses
• What are the differences between structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews?

  • Structured: Fixed questions, easy comparison
  • Unstructured: Free-flowing, develops rapport
  • Semi-structured: Mix of fixed and spontaneous questions
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires compared to interviews?

  Advantages:

  • No need for trained interviewers
  • Cost-effective for large samples

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Cannot address problematic questions immediately
  • Participants may not take them seriously
• What is the role of piloting in questionnaire design?

  • Tests questions with a few participants
  • Identifies unclear or problematic questions
• What is the impact of social desirability bias on self-report techniques?

  • Participants may provide dishonest answers
  • They want to appear favorable to researchers
• What is the significance of filler questions in research?

  • Helps participants feel at ease
  • Can obscure the true aims of the study
• What are the implications of interviewer effects in research?

  • Interviewer characteristics can influence responses
  • Different demographics may yield varied answers