descriptive statistics

• What is the term for the data collected in psychological investigations?

  Raw data
• What do descriptive statistics summarize?

  Features of a quantitative data set
• What are the two main types of descriptive statistics?

  Measures of central tendency and dispersion
• What are measures of central tendency?

  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
• What are measures of dispersion?

  • Range
  • Standard deviation
• What is the mode in a data set?

  The most frequent score
• What does it mean if a data set is bimodal?

  It has two modes
• Why is the mode useful for discrete numbers?

  It provides a clear average value
• What is a criticism of the mode in small data sets?

  It may have multiple modes or none
• How is the median calculated?

  Order values and find the middle
• What is a positive aspect of the median?

  Not affected by extreme outliers
• What is a criticism of the median?

  Not all raw scores are used
• How do you calculate the mean?

  Add all scores and divide by total
• What is a positive aspect of the mean?

  Uses all raw data in calculation
• What is a criticism of the mean?

  It can be skewed by extreme values
• Why might a CEO choose to state the mean salary?

  To present the company in a positive light
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the mode?

  Strengths:

  • Simple to calculate
  • Useful for discrete data

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • May have multiple modes
  • Not all values are included
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the median?

  Strengths:

  • Not affected by outliers
  • Easy to calculate

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Not all raw scores are used
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the mean?

  Strengths:

  • Uses all raw data
  • Sensitive to changes in data

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Affected by extreme values
• What is the range in statistics?

  Difference between largest and smallest values
• How is the range calculated?

  Subtract smallest value from largest
• What is a criticism of the range?

  Extreme scores distort its value
• What does a larger standard deviation indicate?

  Scores are more spread out
• What is the formula for calculating percentages?

  Part divided by whole times 100
• How do you calculate the number of participants from a percentage?

  Multiply percentage by total participants
• How do you calculate percentage change?

  New number minus old number divided by old
• What does a negative percentage change indicate?

  There is a decrease in numbers
• What are the types of correlations in statistics?

  • Positive correlation
  • Negative correlation
  • Zero correlation
• What is the correlation coefficient?

  A numerical measure of correlation strength
• What are the benefits of using descriptive statistics?

  • Summarizes large data sets
  • Helps identify trends and patterns
  • Facilitates data interpretation
• What is the purpose of the tutorial videos mentioned?

  To help with research methods qualification
• Who can access bonus resources on the platform mentioned?

  Patreon supporters
• What is the purpose of stratified sampling?

  To ensure representation of subgroups
• How do you convert a fraction to a percentage?

  Divide and multiply by 100
• How can percentages be expressed?

  As fractions or decimals
• What is the significance of the tutorial videos mentioned?

  They provide exam tips and examples
• What is the main focus of the research methods unit?

  Understanding statistical analysis