probability and significance

• What is the significance of probability in psychology research?

  It helps manage the risk of errors.
• What are the two competing hypotheses in research?

  Null hypothesis (H0) and alternate hypothesis (H1)
• What does the null hypothesis suggest?

  There is no causal relationship between variables.
• What does the alternate hypothesis suggest?

  There is a causal relationship between variables.
• How is the independent variable manipulated in an experiment?

  By creating separate conditions for testing.
• What does counterbalancing aim to control for?

  Order effects in the experiment.
• What was the average recall in the green light condition?

  13 words
• What was the average recall in the blue light condition?

  12.5 words
• What does a significance level of 0.05 indicate?

  There is a 5% chance results are due to chance.
• What does p < 0.05 mean?

  Probability is less than 5%.
• How does variability relate to chance in experiments?

  Results can vary due to random chance.
• What is a type 1 error?

  Accepting a false alternate hypothesis.
• What is a type 2 error?

  Rejecting a true alternate hypothesis.
• How can researchers reduce the likelihood of a type 1 error?

  By using a stronger significance level.
• What happens when researchers use a 0.01 significance level?

  Increases type 2 error likelihood.
• How can the courtroom analogy help understand type 1 and type 2 errors?

  • Null hypothesis: Innocent until proven guilty
  • Alternate hypothesis: Guilty until proven innocent
  • Type 1 error: Wrongly convicting an innocent person
  • Type 2 error: Failing to convict a guilty person
• Why is probability and significance considered a difficult topic in psychology?

  It involves complex concepts and calculations.
• What steps can students take to understand probability and significance better?

  • Watch the video multiple times
  • Create scenarios for type 1 and 2 errors
  • Practice with past exam papers
• What resources are available for further study on research methods?

  Over 170 videos on psychboost.com
• Who can access bonus resources on Patreon?

  Patreon supporters
• What is the average probability of making a type 1 error?

  1 in 20 times
• What is the purpose of the tutorial videos mentioned?

  To provide examples and exam tips.
• What is the significance of the number line in probability?

  It shows the likelihood of events occurring.
• Why is it important to consider unknown factors in scientific assumptions?

  To acknowledge the possibility of errors.
• How does flipping a coin relate to probability in research?

  It illustrates variability and chance outcomes.
• What is the role of evidence in the jury's decision-making process?

  To determine guilt or innocence based on strength.
• What is the main focus of the research methods unit on psychboost?

  Understanding probability and significance.
• What is the importance of the support from patrons on Patreon?

  It allows for part-time teaching and content creation.