cellular respiration

• cellular respiration is an enzymatic chemical process through which bonds in food molecules are broken down in the body to generate ATP(energy)
• there are 2 types of cellular respiration- aerobic and anaerobic
• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and contains adenine and ribose and 3 phosphate groups
• energy is stored in the phosphate bonds and when a phosphate bond is broken, energy is released and ATP is broken down into ADP
• aerobic repsiration is in the presence of oxygen
• anaerobic respiration is in the absence of oxygen
• metabolism is the total number of chemical reactions in the body
• all these enzyme catalysed chemicals reactions occuring in cells can be linked together into metabolic pathways such as anabolic and catabolic
• anabolic pathway is reactions that use up energy to produce molecules
• catabolic pathways are reactions that break down molecules which releases energy
• the equation for cellular respiration is glucose + oxygen- carbon dioxide + water + ATP
• types of reactions involved in cellular respiration are oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, phosphorylation
• oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule
• reduction is the chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms invoved in the reaction
• decarboxylation is the chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide
• phosphorylation is a biochemical reaction that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound
• there are 4 steps to aerobic respiration these are- glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
• the first step of aerobic respiration is glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and produces 2 molcules of ATP
• the 2nd stage of cellular respiration is a link reaction that takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
• the 3rd stage of cellular respiration is the krebs cycle where elctrons are accepted
• the 4th stage of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain aka oxidative phosphorylation which occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria where oxygen is the final acceptor of electron and ATP is made
• anaerobic respiration only occurs in the cytoplasm and includes alcohol fermentation, glucose, pyruvate, acetyldehyde and ethanol