The indigenous people and the europeans

• Who were the first people to inhabit the Caribbean region?

  The Indigenous Peoples or Pre-Columbian Indians
• From where did the Indigenous Peoples migrate to the Americas?

  They migrated from Asia
• How long ago did the first inhabitants come to the Americas?

  15-20,000 years ago
• What natural phenomenon allowed migration to the Americas during the Fourth Ice Age?

  The formation of an "Ice Bridge" over the Bering Strait
• Why did early man depend on animals for food and clothing?

  Fruits and herbs became scarce during the Ice Age
• What term is used to refer to the Asian migrants who came to the Americas?

  Mongoloids
• How did the Asian migrants live in North America?

  They lived in small family units and hunted
• What were the homes of the Indigenous Peoples called?

  Tents
• What defines a tribe among the Indigenous Peoples?

  People who spoke the same language and occupied the same area
• Which Indigenous group occupied Eastern Canada?

  Mohawk
• Who were the Eskimos?

  Amerindians in the Arctic regions
• Where did the Incas settle?

  Chile, Argentina, Nicaragua, and Peru
• Where did the Aztecs settle?

  Mexico
• Where did the Maya settle?

  Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, and Honduras
• What is the collective term for the Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs?

  Mesoamericans
• Who were the first group of Amerindians to arrive in the Caribbean?

  The Ciboney
• From where did the Ciboney migrate?

  Suriname, Eastern Venezuela, and Guyana
• Why is there little evidence about the Ciboney?

  They left few artefacts behind
• Who followed the Ciboney into the Caribbean?

  The Tainos and Kalinagos
• What was the original homeland of the Tainos?

  Between the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers
• How did the Tainos travel between islands?

  In large canoes
• What were the two principal tribes of the Arawaks?

  Lucayos and Tainos
• Where did the Kalinagos live?

  In the jungles around the Orinoco
• What did the Kalinagos do upon arriving at each island?

  They fought the Tainos and established themselves
• What happened to the Tainos as they fled from the Kalinagos?

  They crossed into Trinidad and moved up the island chain
• By the time Europeans arrived in 1492, where did the Tainos mainly occupy?

  The Greater Antilles
• Which islands did the Tainos occupy?

  Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica
• Which islands did the Kalinagos occupy?

  The Lesser Antilles
• How did the Tainos and Kalinagos differ from the Maya and Inca?

  They did not develop great civilizations
• What significant change occurred with the arrival of Europeans in 1492?

  Drastic changes in the way of life of the Amerindians
• What was the physical appearance of the Tainos?

  Short to medium height, olive skin
• How did the Tainos modify their heads as babies?

  Flattened at the forehead using boards
• What was the main economic activity of the Tainos?

  Fishing, hunting, and subsistence farming
• What is subsistence living?

  Producing just enough food for families
• What technique did the Tainos use to clear forests for farming?

  Slash-and-burn technique
• What was the main crop cultivated by the Tainos?

  Manioc or cassava
• Why did the Tainos squeeze the juices out of manioc?

  To remove harmful substances before making flour
• What type of food did the Tainos prepare from cassava flour?

  Thin, flat cakes or cassava bread
• What types of seafood did the Tainos catch?

  Fish, crabs, lobsters, turtles, and shellfish
• How did the Tainos catch turtles?

  By using a remora tied to a canoe